Abstract
What is meant by the term ‘overlap’ syndrome? There has never been a clear definition; rather it is the opinion of the particular author describing the syndrome. Hence the term might mean two autoimmune liver diseases being present at the same time in one patient, or a patient who at one time appears to have all the typical features of one autoimmune disease, later losing those features and developing the clinical, biochemical, serological and histological features of another autoimmune disease. These two situations are in fact very rare and for the most part ‘overlap syndrome’ appears to refer to patients who have all the typical features of autoimmune liver disease albeit autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), but who in addition have some features of one or other of these well-recognized autoimmune liver diseases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Micheletti P, Wanless IR, Katz A et al. Antimitochondrial antibody negative primary biliary cirrhosis: a distinct syndrome of autoimmune cholangitis. Gut. 1994;35:260–265.
Czaja A. Variant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Current Gastroenterol Rep. 1999;1:63–70.
Bassendine MF, Palmer JM, Decruz D et al. Approaches to a murine model of AMA positive non-supportive destructive cholangitis (NSDC). J Hepatol. 1998;28:59 (abstract).
Gregorio GV, Pensati P, Iorio R et al. Autoantibody prevalence in children with liver disease due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998;112:471–476.
Laskin C, Vidins E, Blendis L et al. Autoantibodies in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Med. 1990;89:129–133.
Clifford BD, Donahue D, Smith L et al. High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 1995;21:613–619.
Somashekhar B, Schiano T, Hartman G, Black M. Chronic hepatitis with combined features of autoimmune chronic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C: favorable response to prednisone and azathioprine. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:32–34.
Gough A, Chapman S, Wagstaff K et al. Minocycline induced autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. Br Med J. 1996;312:169–172.
Laskin C, Vidins E, Blendis L et al. Autoantibodies in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Med. 1990;89:129–133.
Wilschanski M, Chait P, Wade JA et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: clinical, laboratory and radiographic features, with survival analysis. Hepatology. 1995;22:1411–1420.
Cacciola I, Pollicino T, Squadrito G et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:22–26.
Czaja A, Carpenter HA, Manns M. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen, P45011D6, and mitochondrial complexes in chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1522–1528.
Bach N, Thung SN, Schaffner F. The histological features of chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune chronic hepatitis: a comparative analysis. Hepatology. 1992;15:572–577.
Meeting Report. International autoimmune hepatitis group. J Hepatol. (In press).
Czaja A. The variant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:588–598.
Czaja A. Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology. 1998;28:360–365.
Chazouilleres O, Wendum D, Serfaty L et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: clinical features and response to therapy. Hepatology. 1998;28:296–301.
Lohse AW, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Franz B et al. Characterization of the overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis: evidence for it being a hepatitis form of PBC in genetically susceptible individuals. Hepatology. 1999;29:1078–1084.
Nakamura K, Yoneda M, Yokohama S et al. Efficacy of UDCA in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;13;457–459.
Poupon RE, Bonnand AM, Chretien Y et al. Ten year survival in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1999;29:1668–1671.
Boberg KM, Fausa O, Haaland T et al. Features of autoimmune hepatitis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an evaluation of 114 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients according to a scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 1996;23:1369–1376.
Colombato LA, Alvarez F, Cote J, Huet MP. Autoimmune cholangiography: the result of consecutive primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1994;107:1839–1843.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heathcote, J. (2000). Overlap syndromes and changing diagnoses. In: Manns, M.P., Paumgartner, G., Leuschner, U. (eds) Immunology and Liver. Falk Symposium, vol 114. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4000-3_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4000-3_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5768-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4000-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive