Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Advances in X-Ray Contrast pp 81–88Cite as

Iodinated contrast agents in neuroradiology

  • Chapter

  • 136 Accesses

Abstract

Iodinated contrast materials, which are commonly used in neuroradiological applications, are an unusual and somewhat enigmatic class of drugs. We frequently give intravascular injections of these agents in large volumes, yet they have no therapeutic value. Their value lies instead in their ability to attenuate X-rays, a property imparted to them only by the constituent iodine atoms that make up a small fraction of their molecules. The ideal model contrast medium would yield superb radiographic contrast, would be thoroughly soluble and have low viscosity, would be rapidly excreted from the body, and would have no toxic side effects. Although currently available iodinated contrast agents approach these ideals, some limitations persist.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Grainger RG. Intravascular contrast media-the past, the present and the future. Br J Radiol. 1982; 55: 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Swick M. Radiographic media in urology. The discovery of excretion urography: Historical and developmental aspects of the organically bound urographic media and their role in the varied diagnostic angiographic areas. Surg Clin North Am. 1978; 58: 977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Fischer HW. Catalog of intravascular contrast media. Radiology. 1986; 159:561.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bettmann M. Ionic versus non-ionic contrast agents and their effects on blood components. Invest Radiol. 1988; 23(Suppl 2): S309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Smith DC, Yahiku PY, Maloney MD, et al. Three new low-osmolality contrast agents: A comparative study of patient discomfort. AJNR. 1988; 9: 137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nakstad PH, Bakke SJ, Kjartansson O, et al. Omnipaque vs. Hexabrix in intravenous DSA of the carotid arteries: Randomized double-blind crossover study. AJNR. 1986; 7: 303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dawson P. Iodinated intravascular contrast agents past and present: Toxicity considerations. Invest Radiol. 1990; 25(Suppl 1): S11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Steinberg EP, Anderson GF, Powe NR, et al. Use of low-osmolality contrast media in a price-sensitive environment. AJR. 1988; 151:271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Van Sonnenberg E, Neff CC, Pfister RC. Life-threatening hypotensive reactions to contrast media administration: Comparison of pharmacologic and fluid therapy. Radiology. 1987; 162: 15.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dawson P. Iodinated intravascular contrast agents. A review. J Intervent Radiol. 1987; 2: 51.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Swanson D. Conventional or low-osmolality: Picking the right contrast media. Diagnostic Imaging. 1988; 10: 191.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rao AK, Thompson R, Durlacher L, et al. Angiographic contrast agent-induced acute hemolysis in a patient with haemoglobin SC disease. Arch Intern Med. 1985; 145: 759.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bettmann M. Clinical summary and conclusions: Ionic versus non-ionic contrast agents and their effects on blood components. Invest Radiol. 1988; 23(Suppl 2): S378.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Dawson P. Contrast agents, red cells, coagulation, and the angiographer. Invest Radiol. 1990; 25(Suppl 1): S117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gertz EW. Thromboembolic events and non-ionic contrast. Diagnostic Imaging. 1989: 11: 106.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Harnish PP, Hagberg DJ. Contrast media-induced blood-brain barrier damage: Potentiation by hypertension. Invest Radiol. 1988; 23: 463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Stolberg HO, McClennan BL. Ionic versus non-ionic contrast use. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 1991; 20: 47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Avrahami E, Weiss-Peretz J, Cohn DF. Focal epileptic activity following intravenous contrast material injection in patients with metastatic brain disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987; 50: 221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Haslam RHA, Cochrane DD, Amundson GM, et al. Neurotoxic complications of contrast computed tomography in children. J Pediatr. 1987; 111: 837.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS, Vavasour HM, et al. A comparison of non-ionic, low-osmolality radiocontrast agents with ionic, high-osmolality agents during cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Moore RD, Steinberg EP, Powe NR, et al. Frequency and determinants of adverse reactions induced by high-osmolality contrast media. Radiology. 1989; 170: 727.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Steinberg EP, Moore RD, Powe NR, et al. Safety and cost effectiveness of high-osmolality as compared with low-osmolality contrast material in patients undergoing cardiac angiography. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Katayama H, Yamaguchi K, Kozuka T, et al. Adverse reactions to ionic and non-ionic contrast media: A report from the Japanese Committee on the Safety of Contrast Media. Radiology. 1990; 175: 621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shehadi WH. Adverse reactions to intravascularly administered contrast media: A comprehensive study based on a prospective survey. AJR. 1975; 124: 145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Siegle RL, Halvorsen RA, Dillon J, et al. The use of iohexol in patients with previous reactions to ionic contrast material: A multicenter clinical trial. Invest Radiol. 1991; 26: 411.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Greenberger PA, Patterson R. The prevention of immediate generalized reactions to radiocontrast media in high-risk patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991; 87: 867.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Palmer FJ. The RACR survey of intravenous contrast media reactions: Final report. Australas Radiol. 1988; 32: 426.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yamashita K, Hayakawa K, Tanaka M, et al. Cardiovascular responses following the intracarotid injections of ionic and non-ionic contrast media compared with various mannitol solutions: Correlation with osmolality. Invest Radiol. 1988; 23: 680.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Byrd L, Sherman RL. Radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure: A clinical and pathophysiologic review. Medicine. 1979; 58: 270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Spinier SA, Goldfarb S. Nephrotoxicity of contrast media following cardiac angiography: Pathogenesis, clinical course, and preventive measures, including the role of low-osmolality contrast media. Ann Pharmacother. 1992; 26: 56.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Weisberg LS, Kurnik PB, Kurnik BRC. Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in humans: Role of renal vasoconstriction. Kidney Int. 1992; 41: 1408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Parfrey PS, Griffiths SM, Barrett BJ, et al. Contrast materialinduced renal failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, or both: A prospective controlled study. N Engl J Med. 1989; 320: 143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schwab SJ, Hlatky MA, Pieper KS, et al. Contrast nephrotoxicity: A randomized controlled trial of a non-ionic and an ionic radiographic contrast agent. N Engl J Med. 1989; 320: 149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gomes AS, Lois JF, Baker JD, et al. Acute renal dysfunction in high-risk patients after angiography: Comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Radiology. 1989; 170: 65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bush WH, Swanson DP. Acute reactions to intravascular contrast media: Types, risk factors, recognition, and specific treatment. AJR. 1991; 157: 1153.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cohan RH, Dunnick NR, Bashore TM. Treatment of reactions to radiographic contrast material. AJR. 1988; 151: 263.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Loth TS, Jones DEC. Extravasations of radiographic contrast material in the upper extremity. J Hand Surg [AM]. 1988;13: 395.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kim SH, Park JH, Kim YI, et al. Experimental tissue damage after subcutaneous injection of water soluble contrast media. Invest Radiol. 1990.; 25: 678.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jacobs C, Nicolay D, Grellet J, et al. effects of intravenous infusion of urographic contrast agents on glomerular filtration rate, serum concentration and urinary excretion of uric acid in subjects with normal renal function. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1987; 212: 145.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cooper K, Bennett WM. Nephrotoxicity of common drugs used in clinical practice. Arch Intern Med. 1987; 147: 1213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Harkonen S, Kjellstrand C. Contrast nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 1981; 1:69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. McCarthy CS, Becker JA. Multiple myeloma and contrast media. Radiology. 1992; 183: 519.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Banna M. Post-angiographic blindness in a patient with sickle cell disease. Invest Radiol. 1992; 27: 179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Darr M, Hamburger S, Koprivica B, et al. Hemolytic anemia associated with a radiopaque contrast agent in a patient with haemoglobin SC disease. South Med J. 1981; 74: 1552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Rao VM, Rao AK, Steiner RM, et al. The effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media on the sickling phenomenon. Radiology. 1982; 144:291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fradkin JE, Wolff J. Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis. Medicine. 1983; 62: 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Salti IS, Kronfol NO. Aggravation of thyrotoxicosis by an iodinated contrast medium. Br J Radiol. 1977; 50: 670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Shimura H, Takazawa K, Endo T, et al. T4-thyroid storm after CT-scan with iodinated contrast medium. J Endocrinol Invest. 1990; 13:73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gold RE, Wisinger BM, Geraci AR, et al. Hypertensive crisis as a result of adrenal venography in a patient with phaeochromocytoma. Radiology. 1972; 102: 579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Raisanen J, Shapiro B, Glazer GM, et al. Plasma catecholamines in pheochromocytoma: effect of urographic contrast media. AJR. 1984; 143: 43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Stanley P, Miller JH, Tonkin ILD, et al. Angiographic procedure. In: Stanley P, ed, Pediatric Angiography. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins: 1982: 7.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kuhn MJ, Baker MR. Optimization of low-osmolality contrast media for cranial CT: A dose comparison of two contrast agents. AJNR. 1990; 11: 847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ramsey RG, Czervionke L, Dommers M, et al. Safety and efficacy of sodium and meglumine ioxaglate (hexabrix) and hypaque M60% in contrast-enhanced computed cranial tomographic scanning: A double-blind clinical study. Invest Radiol. 1987; 22: 56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157-1088, USA

    Ronald J. Zagoria MD

Authors
  1. Ronald J. Zagoria MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Imaging, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

    P. Dawson

  2. Schering AG, Clinical Development, Monomeric X-Ray Contrast Media, Berlin, Germany

    W. Clauss

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zagoria, R.J. (1998). Iodinated contrast agents in neuroradiology. In: Dawson, P., Clauss, W. (eds) Advances in X-Ray Contrast. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3959-5_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3959-5_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-8741-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3959-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation