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Solution Chemistry in Supercritical Water: Spectroscopy and Simulation

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Supercritical Fluids

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NSSE,volume 366))

Abstract

The Interest in understanding chemical phenomena in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures has grown significantly during the last decade[1–9] Practical applications include hydrothermal oxidation of organic wastes, hydrothermal growth of crystals, spraying of ceramics, and hydrothermal synthesis reactions, e.g., the commercial hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to produce phenol and dibenzofuran. Because water at high temperatures is highly compressible, small changes in temperature and pressure lead to large changes in the density and the dielectric constant which produce large variations in ion solvation and acid-base equilibria. Fundamental chemical properties, which are well-known in aqueous chemistry at 298 K, are much less available for supercritical water (SCW) (T c = 647.13 K, p c = 0.322 g/cm3, P c = 220.55 bar) solutions. Examples of such properties include ion solvation and acid-base equilibria, which play a central role in solvent effects on chemical reaction rate and equilibrium constants, phase equilibria, and corrosion. In this article these properties are discussed on the basis of in-situ spectroscopic measurement and computer simulation of ion solvation and chemical equilibria. The structure of water about ions is also discussed elsewhere in this book [10].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA

    Keith P. Johnston

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA

    Peter J. Rossky

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  1. Keith P. Johnston
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  2. Peter J. Rossky
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Erdogan Kiran

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

    Pablo G. Debenedetti

  3. Department of Chemical Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Cor J. Peters

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Johnston, K.P., Rossky, P.J. (2000). Solution Chemistry in Supercritical Water: Spectroscopy and Simulation. In: Kiran, E., Debenedetti, P.G., Peters, C.J. (eds) Supercritical Fluids. NATO Science Series, vol 366. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3929-8_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3929-8_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

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