Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Osteoarthritis

  • Chapter
Prognosis in the Rheumatic Diseases

Abstract

It is difficult to give an accurate figure for the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA). While the radiograph may be the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of OA, it is not practical to obtain radiographs of all the joints in a large, representative sample. Hence, prevalence figures based on radiographic changes must be limited to specific joints. Depending on whether mild changes are included, or only more severe changes, the prevalence rate will vary.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Lawrence, R. C., Hochberg, M. C., Kelsey, J. L., McDuffie, F. G., Medsger, T. A. Jr., Felts, W. R. and Shulman, L. E. (1989). Estimates of the prevalence of selected arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases in the United States. J. Rheumatol., 16, 427–440.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Maurer, K. (1979). Basic data on arthritis of knee, hip, and sacroiliac joints in adults ages 25–74 years: United States, 1971–1975. Vital and Health Statistics, Series II, No. 213, DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1661. (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fries, J. F., Spitz, P. W. and Young, D. W. (1982). The dimensions of health outcomes: The Health Assessment Questionnaire, disability and pain scales. J. Rheumatol., 9, 789–793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Liang, M. H., Larson, M., Thompson, M., Eaton, H., McNamara, E., Katz, R. and Taylor, J. (1984). Costs and outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 27, 522–529.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kramer, J. S., Yelin, E. H. and Epistein, W. V. (1983). Social and economic impacts of four musculoskeletal conditions. A study using national community-based data. Arthritis Rheum., 26, 901–907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pincus, T., Mitchell, J. M. and Burkhauser, R. V. (1989). Substantial work disability and earnings losses in individuals less than age 65 with OA: Comparisons with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 42, 449–457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yelin, E., Lubeck, D., Holman, H. and Epstein, W. (1987). The impact of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: the activities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis compared to controls. J. Rheumatol., 14, 710–717.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mankin, H. J., Brandt, K. and Shulman, L. E. (1986). Workshop on etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol, 13, 1130–1160.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Danielsson, L. G. (1964). Incidence and prognosis of coxarthrosis. Ada Orthop. Scand., 66(suppl.), 9–114.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hernborg, J. and Nilsson, B. E. (1973). The relationship between osteophytes in the knee joint, osteoarthritis and aging. Ada Orthop. Scand., 44, 69–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bellamy, N. and Buchanan, W. W. (1986). A preliminary evaluation of the dimensionality and clinical importance of pain and disability in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Gin. Rheumatol, 5, 231–241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brandt, K. D. (1989). Management of osteoarthritis. In Kelley, W. N., Harris, E. D. Jr, Ruddy, S. and Sledge, C. B. (eds.). Textbook of Rheumatology, 3rd edn., Chapter 32, pp. 1501–1512. (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chamberlain, M. A., Care, G. and Harfield, B. (1982). Physiotherapy in osteoarthritis of the knee: A controlled trial of hospital versus home exercises. Int. Rehabil. Med., 4, 191–206.

    Google Scholar 

  14. McKenna, F., Green, J., Redfern, E. J. and Chamberlain, M. A. (1988). The value of outpatient hydrotherapy for osteoarthritis of the hip. Br. J. Rheumatol., 27(suppl. 2), 18.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hochberg, M. C., Lawrence, R. C., Everett, D. F. and Coroni-Huntley, J. (1989). Epidemiologic association of pain in osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination — I. Epidemiologic Follow-up Survey. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 18, 4–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Summers, M. N., Haley, W. E., Reveille, J. D. and Alarcon, G. S. (1988). Radiographic assessment and psychologic variables as predictors of pain and functional impairment in osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Arthritis Rheum., 31, 204–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bergenudd, H., Nilsson, B. and Lindgarde, F. (1989). Knee pain in middle age and its relationship to occupational work load and psychosocial factors. Clin. Orthop., 245, 210–215.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Keefe, F. J., Caldwell, D. S., Queen, K., Gil, K. M., Martinez, S., Crisson, J. E., Ogden, W. and Nunley, J. (1987). Osteoarthritis knee pain: a behavioral analysis. Pain, 28, 309–321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cunningham, L. S. and Kelsey, J. L. (1984). Epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments and associated disability. A.J.P.H., 74, 574–579.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Weinberger, M., Hiner, S. L. and Tierney, Wm M. (1986). Improving functional status in arthritis: The effect of social support. Soc. Sci. Med., 23, 899–904.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Weinberger, M., Tierney, W. M., Booher, P. and Katz, B. P. (1989). Can the provision of information to patients with osteoarthritis improve functional status? Arthritis Rheum., 32, 1577–1583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Weinberger, M., Hiner, S. L. and Tierney, W. M. (1987). In support of hassles as a measure of stress in predicting health outcomes. J. Behav. Med., 10, 19–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bloom, M., Buchon, E., Frires, G., Hanson, H., Hurd, G. and South, V. (1971). Interviewing the ill aged. Gerontologist, 11, 292–299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liang, M. H., Partridge, A. J., Gall, V. and Taylor, J. (1986). Evaluation of a rehabilitation component of home care for homebound elderly. Am. J. Prev. Med., 2, 30–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Deniston, D. L. and Jette, A. (1980). A functional status assessment instrument: Validation in an elderly population. Health Serv. Res., 15, 21–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Baron, M., Dutil, E., Berkson, L., Lander, P. and Becker, R. (1987). Hand function in the elderly. Relation to osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol., 14, 815–819.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Monson, R. R. and Hall, A. P. (1976). Mortality among arthritics. J. Chronic Dis., 29, 459–467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lawrence, R. C., Everett, D. F., Coroni-Huntley, J. and Hochberg, M. C. (1987). Excess mortality and decreased survival in females with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 30(suppl.), S130.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hochberg, M. C., Lawrence, R. C., Everett, D. F. and Coroni-Huntley, J. (1988). Association of gastroduodenal ulcers with knee pain in persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Am. J. Epidemiol, 128, 937–938.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Carson, J. L., Strom, B. L., Soper, K. A., West, S. L. and Morse, M. L. (1987). The association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Arch. Intern. Med., 147, 85–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Griffin, M. R., Ray, W. A. and Schaffner, W. (1988). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and death from peptic ulcer in elderly persons. Ann. Intern. Med., 109, 359–363.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lawrence, J. S. (1975). Hypertension in relation to musculoskeletal disorders. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1, 451–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Perry, G. H., Smith, M. J. G. and Whiteside, C. G. (1972). Spontaneous recovery of the joint space in degenerative hip disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 31, 440–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Seifert, M., Whiteside, C. G. and Savage, O. (1969). A 5-year follow-up of fifty cases of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 28, 325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Danielsson, L. G. (1964). Incidence and prognosis of coxarthrosis. Acta Orthop. Scand., 66(suppl.), 1–114.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Storey, G. O. and Landells, J. W. (1971). Restoration of the femoral heads after collapse in osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 30, 406–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Radin, E. L. and Burr, D. B. (1984). Hypothesis: joints can heal. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 13, 293–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Radin, E. L., Maquet, P. and Parker, H. (1985). Rationale and indications for the “hanging hip” procedure. A clinical and experimental study. Clin. Orthop., 30, 112–221.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ferguson, A. B. (1977). The pathology of degenerative arthritis of the hip and the use of osteotomy in its treatment. Clin. Orthop., 71, 84–97.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Weisl, H. (1980). Intertrochanteric osteotomy for osteoarthritis. A long-term follow-up. J. Bone Joint Surg., 62B, 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ferguson, A. B. (1964). High intertrochanteric osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the hip. A procedure to streamline the defective joint. J. Bone joint Surg., 46A, 1159–1175.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Koshino, T. (1982). The treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee by high tibial osteotomy with and without bone-grafting or drilling of the lesion. J. Bone Joint Surg., 64A, 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Harris, N. H. and Kirwan, E. (1964). The results of osteotomy for early primary osteoarthritis of the hip. J. Bone Joint Surg., 46B, 477–487.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Brandt, K. D. and Adams, M. E. (1989). Exuberant repair of articular cartilage damage. Effect of anterior cruciate ligament transection in the dog. Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc, 14, 584.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Marshall, J. L. and Olsson, S. E. (1971). Instability of the knee, a long term experimental study. J. Bone Joint Surg., 53A, 1561–1750.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Braunstein, E. M., Albrecht, M. and Brandt, K. D. (1989). MR imaging of canine osteoarthritis shows sustained hypertrophic repair of articular cartilage. Radiology, 173(P), 171.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Palmoski, J. J. and Brandt, K. D. (1982). Immobilization of the knee prevents osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Arthritis Rheum., 25, 1201–1208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mankin, H. J., Dorfman, H., Lipiello, L. and Zarins, A. (1971). Biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteoarthritic human hips. J. Bone Joint Surg., 52A, 523–537.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Radin, E. L. (1981). Mechanical factors in the etiology of osteoarthrosis. In J. G. Peyron (ed.) Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis, pp. 136–139. (Rueil-Malmaison: CibaGeigy).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Martel-Pelletier, J., Pelletier, J. P. and Malemud, C. J. (1988). Activation of neutral metalloprotease in human osteoarthritic knee cartilage: evidence for degradation in the core protein of sulphated proteoglycan. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 47, 801–808.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Thompson, R. C. and Oegema, T. R. (1979). Metabolic activity of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. J. Bone Joint Surg., 61A, 407–416.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Chateauvert, J., Pritzker, K. P. H., Kessler, M. J. and Grimpas, M. D. (1989). Spontaneous arthritis in Rhesus macaques. I. Chemical and biochemical studies. J. Rheumatol., 16, 1098–1104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bardin, T., Bucki, B., Lequesne, M., Kuntz, D. and Dryll, A. (1988). Crystals in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic joints are associated with rapid disease progression. Br. J. Rheumatol, 27(suppl. 2), 94.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Menkes, C. J., Decraemere, W., Postel, M. and Forest, M. (1985). Chondrocalcinosis and rapid destruction of the hip. J. Rheumatol., 12, 130–133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Pattrick, M. and Doherty, J. (1987). Rapidly destructive hip disease following ipsilateral hemiparesis: Report of two cases. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 46, 477–481.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Doherty, M., Watt, I. and Dieppe, P. (1983). Influence of primary generalized osteoarthritis on development of secondary osteoarthritis. Lancet, 2, 8–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Pelletier, J. P., Martel-Pelletier, J., Ghandur-Mnaymnhe, L., Howell, S. and Woessner, J., Jr. (1985). The role of synovial membrane inflammation in cartilage matrix breakdown in the Pond-Nuki dog model of OA. Arthritis Rheum., 28, 554–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Martel-Pelletier, J., Cloutier, J. M. and Pelletier, J. P. (1986). Neutral proteases in human OA synovium. Arthritis Rheum., 29, 1112–1121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Moskowitz, R. W., Davis, W., Sammarco, J., Mast, W. and Chase, S. W. (1970). Experimentally induced corticosteroid arthropathy. Arthritis Rheum., 13, 236–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gibson, T., Barry, H. C., Poswillo, P. and Glass, J. (1976). Effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injections on primate cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 36, 74–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Gray, R. G. and Gottlieb, N. L. (1983). Intra-articular corticosteroids, an updated assessment. Clin. Orthop., 177, 235–263.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Chandler, G. N. and Wright, V. (1958). Deleterious effects of intra-articular hydrocortisone. Lancet, 2, 661–663.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Chandler, G. N., Jones, D. T., Wright, V. and Hartfall, S. J. (1959). Charcot’s arthropathy following intra-articular hydrocortisone. Br. Med. J., 1, 952–953.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Balch, H. W., Gibson, J. M. C., El-Ghorbarey, A. F., Bain, L. S. and Lynch, M. A. (1977). Repeated corticosteroids injection into knee joints. Rheumatol. Rehabil., 11, 137–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Keagy, R. D. and Kein, H. A. (1962). Intra-articular steroid therapy: repeated use in patients with chronic arthritis. Am. J. Med. Sci., 253, 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Pelletier, J.-P., Martel-Pelletier, J., Howell, D. S., Ghandur-Mnaymneh, L., Enis, J. and Woessner, J. F., Jr. (1983). Collagenase and collagenolytic activity in human osteoarthritis cartilage. Arthritis Rheum., 26, 63–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Ehrlich, M. G. (1985). Degradative enzyme systems in osteoarthritic cartilage. J. Orthop. Res., 3, 170–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Saklatvala, J. and Sarsfield, S. J. (1988). How do interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor induce degradation of proteoglycan in cartilage? In Glauert, A. M. (ed.). The Control of Tissue Damage, pp. 97–106. (Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Steinberg, J. J. and Sledge, C. B. (1983). Synovial factors and chondrocyte-mediated breakdown of cartilage inhibition by hydrocortisone. J. Orthop. Res., 1, 13–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Williams, J. and Brandt, K. (1985). Triamcinolone hexacetonide protects against fibrillation and osteophyte formation following chemically-induced articular cartilage damage. Arthritis Rheum., 28, 1267–1274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Colombo, C., Butler, M., Hickman, L., Selwyn, M., Chart, J. and Steinetz, B. (1983). A new model of osteoarthritis in rabbits. II. Evaluation of anti-osteoarthritic effects of selected antirheumatic drugs administered systemically. Arthritis Rheum., 26, 1132–1139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Butler, M., Colombo, C., Hickman, L., O’Byrne, E., Steele, R., Steinetz, B., Quintavalla, J. and Yokoyama, N. (1983). A new model of osteoarthritis in rabbits. III. Evaluation of anti-osteoarthritic effects of selected drugs administered intraarticularly. Arthritis Rheum., 26, 1380–1386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Pelletier, S. P. and Martel-Pelletier, J. (1989). Protective effect of corticosteroids on cartilage lesions and osteophyte formation in the Pond-Nuki dog model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 32, 181–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Acheson, R. and Collard, A. B. (1975). New Haven survey of joint diseases: XVII. Relationship between some systemic characteristics and osteoarthrosis in a general population. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 34, 379–387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Hartz, A. J., Fischer, M. E., Bril, G., Kelber, S., Rupley, D. Jr., Oken, B. and Rimm, A. A. (1986). The association of obesity with joint pain and osteoarthritis in the HANES data. J. Chronic Dis., 39, 311–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Leach, R. E., Baumgard, S. and Broom, J. (1973). Obesity: its relationship to osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin. Orthop., 93, 271–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lawrence, J. S., Bremner, J. M. and Bier, F. (1966). Osteoarthrosis: prevalence in the population and relationship between symptoms and X-ray changes. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 25, 1–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Felson, D. T., Anderson, J. J., Naimark, A., Walker, A. M. and Meenan, R. F. (1989). Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. The Framingham study. Ann. Intern. Med., 109, 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Davis, M. A., Ettinger, W. H., Neuhaus, J. M., Cho, S. A. and Hauck, W. W. (1989). The association of knee injury and obesity with unilateral and bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee. Am. J. Epidemiol., 130, 278–288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Barrie, H. J. (1986). Unexpected sites of wear in the femoral head. J. Rheum., 13, 1099–1104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Radin, E. L. (1987). Osteoarthrosis. What is known about prevention. Clin. Orthop., 222, 60–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Radin, E. L., Martin, R. B., Burr, D. B., Caterson, B., Boyd, R. D. and Goodwin, C. (1986). Mechanical factors influencing cartilage damage. In Peyron, J. G. (ed.) Osteoarthrosis: Current Clinical and Fundamental Problems, pp. 90–99. (Paris: Ciba-Geigy).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Radin, E. L. and Paul, I. L. (1971). Importance of bone in sparing articular cartilage from impact. Clin. Orthop., 78, 342–344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bergström, G., Bjelle, A., Sundh, F. and Svanborg, A. (1986). Joint disorders at ages 70, 75 and 79 years — a cross-sectional comparison. Br. J. Rheum., 25, 333–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Palmoski, M. J. and Brandt, K. D. (1979). Effect of salicylate on proteoglycan metabolism in normal canine articular cartilage in vitro. Arthritis Rheum., 22, 746–754.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Palmoski, M. J. and Brandt, K. D. (1980). Effects of some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on proteoglycan metabolism and organization canine articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum., 23, 1010–1020.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Muir, H., Carney, S. L. and Hall, L. G. (1988). Effects of tiaprofenic acid and other NSAIDs on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage expiants. Drugs, 35(suppl. 1), 15–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Palmoski, M. and Brandt, K. (1983). Benoxaprofen stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in normal canine knee cartilage in vitro. Arthritis Rheum., 20, 771–774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Palmoski, M. and Brandt, K. (1984). Effects of salicylate and indomethacin on glycosaminoglycan and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in intact canine knee cartilage ex vivo. Arthritis Rheum., 27, 398–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Palmoski, M. J., Colyer, R. A. and Brandt, K. D. (1980). Marked suppression by salicylate of the augmented proteoglycan synthesis (?matrix repair) in osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis Rheum., 23, 83–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Palmoski, M. J. and Brandt, K. D. (1983). In vivo effects of aspirin on canine osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis Rheum., 26, 994–1001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Brandt, K. D. (1987). Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on chondrocyte metabolism in vivtro and in vivo. Am. J. Med., 83(5A), 29–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Doherty, M. (1989). ‘Chondroprotection’ by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 48, 619–621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ghosh, P. (1988). Anti-rheumatic drugs and cartilage. Clin. Rheumatol., 2, 309–338.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Herman, J. H., Appel, A. M. and Hess, E. V. (1987). Modulation of cartilage destruction by select nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In vitro effect on the synthesis and activity of catabolism-inducing cytokines produced by osteoarthritic and rheumatoid synovial fluid. Arthritis Rheum., 30, 257–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. McKenzie, L. S., Horsburgh, B. A., Ghosh, P. and Taylor, T. K. F. (1976). Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in aged human articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 35, 487–497.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kalbhen, D. A. (1984). Biochemically induced osteoarthritis in the chicken and rat. In Munthe, E. and Bjelle, A. (eds.) Effects of Drugs on Osteoarthritis, pp. 48–68. (Berne, Stuttgart: Huber).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Herman, J. H. and Hess, E. V. (1984). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and modulation of cartilaginous changes in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: clinical implications. Am. J. Med. (suppl.), 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Carlin, G., Djursärd, G. and Gerdin, B. (1985). Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on xanthine oxidase and xanthine oxidase induced depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid. Agents Actions, 16, 377–384.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Lentini, A., Ternai, B. and Thosh, P. (1987). Inhibition of human leukoycte elastase and cathepsin G by non-steroidal antiinflammatory compounds. Biochem. Int., 15, 1069–1078.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Burkhardt, D. and Ghosh, P. (1987). Laboratory evaluation of antiarthritic drugs as potential chondro-protective agents. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 17(suppl. 1:3), 3–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Shinmei, M., Kikuchi, T., Masuda, K. and Shimomura, Y. (1988). Effects of interleukin 1 and anti-inflammatory drugs on the degradation of human articular cartilage. Drugs, 35(suppl. 1), 33–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. De Vries, B. J., Van Den Berg, W. B., Vittero, E. and Van de Putte, L. B. A. (1988). Effects of NSAIDs on the metabolism of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in healthy and post-arthritic articular cartilage. Drugs, 35(suppl. 1), 24–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Ronningen, H. and Langeland, N. (1977). Indomethacin hips. Acta Orthop. Scand., 48, 556.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Newman, N. M. and Ling, R. S. M. (1985). Acetabular bone destruction related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Lancet, 2, 11–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Rashad, S., Revell, P., Hemingway, A., Low, F., Rainsford, K. and Walker, F. (1989). Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the course of osteoarthritis. Lancet, 2, 519–522.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. O’Connor, B., Palmoski, M. and Brandt, K. (1985). Neurogenic acceleration of degenerative joint lesions. J. Bone Joint Surg., 57-A, 562–572.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Slowman-Kovacs, S. and Brandt, K. D. (1990). Rapidly progressive Charcot arthropathy following minor joint trauma in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Arthritis Rheum., 33, 412–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Hernborg, J. S. and Nilsson, B. E. (1977). The natural course of untreated osteoarthritis of the knee. Gin. Orthop. Rel. Res., 123, 130–137.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Massardo, L., Watt, I., Cushnaghan, J. and Dieppe, P. (1989). Osteoarthritis of the knee joint: an eight year prospective study. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 48, 893–897.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Solomon, L. (1985). Osteoarthritis and its variants. In Peyron, J. G. (ed.) Osteoarthritis: Current Clinical and Fundamental Problems, pp. 55–58. (Paris: Ciba-Geigy).

    Google Scholar 

  112. Macys, J. R., Bullough, P. G. and Wilson, P. D., Jr. (1980). Coxarthrosis: a study of the natural history based on a correlation of clinical, radiographic and pathologic findings. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 10, 66–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Pearson, J. R. and Riddell, D. M. (1962). Idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 21, 31–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Felson, D. T. (1988). Epidemiology of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Epidemiol. Rev., 10, 1–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Plato, C. C. and Norris, A. H. (1979). Osteoarthritis of the hand: longitudinal studies. Am. J. Epidemiol, 110, 740–746.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Kellgren, J. H. (1963). Atlas of Standard Radiographs of Arthritis, Vol. II. The Epidemiology of Chronic Rheumatism. (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company).

    Google Scholar 

  117. Pattrick, M., Aldridge, S., Hamilton, E., Manhire, A. and Doherty, J. (1989). A controlled study of hand function in nodal and erosive osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 48, 978–982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Dieppe, P. A., Alexander, G. J. M., Jones, H., Doherty, M., Scott, D. G. L., Manhire, A. and Watt, I. (1982). Pyrophosphate arthropathy: a clinical and radiological study of 105 cases. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 41, 371–376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Doherty, M. and Preston, B. (1989). Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 48, 743–747.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Felts, W. and Yelin, E. (1989). The economic impact of the rheumatic diseases in the United States. J. Rheumatol, 16, 867–874.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Liang, M. H., Cullen, K. E., Larson, M. G., Thompson, M. S., Schwartz, J. A., Fossel, A. E., Roberts, W. N. and Sledge, C. B. (1986). Cost-effectiveness of total joint arthroplasty in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 29, 937–943.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Nevitt, M. C., Epstein, W. V., Masem, M. and Murray, W. R. (1984). Work disability before and after total hip arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheum., 27, 410–421.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Magnuson, P. B. (1941). Joint debridement: Surgical treatment of degenerative arthritis. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 73, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Haggart, G. E. (1940). The surgical treatment of degenerative arthritis of the knee joint. J. Bone Joint Surg., 22, 717–729.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Insall, J. (1974). The Pridie debridement operation of osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin. Orthop., 101, 61–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Stulberg, S. D. and Keller, C. S. (1982). The principles and results of arthroscopic surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum., 25(suppl.), S44.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Schmid, A. and Schmid, F. (1987). Results after cartilage shaving studied by electron microscopy. Am. J. Sports Med., 15, 386–387.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Coventry, M. B. (1973). Osteotomy about the knee for degenerative and rheumatoid arthritis: Indications, operative technique and results. J. Bone Joint Surg., 55a, 23–48.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Friedman, M. J., Berasi, C. C., Fox, J. M., Del Pizzo, W., Snyder, S. J. and Ferkel, R. D. (1984). Preliminary results with abrasion arthroplasty in the osteoarthritic knee. Clin. Orthop., 182, 200–205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Chandler, E. J. (1985). Abrasion arthroplasty of the knee. Contemp. Orthop., 11, 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Johnson, L. L. (1986). Chondral condition. In Arthroscopic Surgery; Principles and Practice, 3rd edn., Chap. 9, pp. 669–787. (St. Louis, Mo; C. V. Mosby).

    Google Scholar 

  132. Burman, M. S., Finkelstein, F. H. and Mayer, L. (1934). Arthroscopy of the knee joint. J. Bone Joint Surg., 16, 255–268.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Jackson, R. W., Silver, R. and Marans, H. (1986). Arthroscopic treatment of degenerative joint disease. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 2, 114.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Arnold, W. J., Mather, S. E., Mostello, N. and Tongue, J. (1985). Tidal knee lavage in patients with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum., 27(suppl.), S66.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Ike, R. W., Arnold, W. J., Simon, C. and Eisenberg, G. M. (1987). Tidal knee irrigation as an intervention for chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum., 30, S17.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Hutton, C. W., Higgs, E. R., Jackson, P. C., Watt, I. and Dieppe, P. A. (1986). 99MTc HMDP bone scanning in generalized osteoarthritis. I. Comparison of the standard radiograph and four hour bone scan image of the hand. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 45, 617–621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Hutton, C. W., Higgs, E. P., Jackson, P. C., Watt, I. and Dieppe, P. A. (1986). 99MTc HMDP bone scanning in generalized osteoarthritis. II. The four hour bone scan image predicts radiographic change. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 45, 622–626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Thonar, E. J.-M. A., Lenz, M., Klintworth, G. K., Caterson, B., Pachman, L. M., Guckman, P., Katz, R., Huff, Jr. and Kuettner, K. E. (1985). Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism. Arthritis Rheum., 28, 1367–1376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Block, J. A., Schnitzer, T. J. and Andersson, G. B. J. (1987). Keratan sulfate release following chemonucleolysis. Orthop. Trans., 12, 304.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Williams, J. M., Downey, C. and Thonar, E. J.-M. A. (1988). Increase in levels of serum keratan sulfate following cartilage proteoglycan degradation in the rabbit knee joint. Arthritis Rheum., 31, 557–560.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Brandt, K. and Thonar, E. J.-M. A. (1989). Lack of association between serum keratan sulfate concentrations and cartilage changes of osteoarthritis after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament in the dog. Arthritis Rheum., 32, 647–651.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Brandt, K. D. (1989). A pessimistic view of serologic “markers” for diagnosis and management of osteoarthritis. Biochemical, immunological and clinicopathological perspectives. J. Rheumatol., 16, 39–42.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Lohmander, L. S., Dalhberg, L., Ryd, L. and Heinegard, D. (1989). Increased levels of proteoglycan fragments in joint fluid after knee injury. Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc, 14, 504.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Saxne, T., Heinegard, D., Wollheim, F. A. and Petersson, H. (1985). Difference in cartilage proteoglycan level in synovial fluid in early rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis. Lancet, 2, 127–128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Howell, D. S., Carreno, M. R., Pelletier, J. P. and Muniz, O. (1986). Articular cartilage breakdown in a lapine model of osteoarthritis. Clin. Orthop., 213, 69–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Altman, R. D., Dean, D. D., Muniz, O. E. and Howell, D. S. (1989). Therapeutic treatment of canine osteoarthritis in glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester. Arthritis Rheum., 32, 1300–1307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Rejholec, V. (1987). Long-term studies of antiosteoarthritic drugs: an assessment. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 17(suppl. 1), 35–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. K. D. Brandt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Flusser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

    Nicholas Bellamy MD, MSc, FRCP(Glas), FRCP(Edin), FRCP(C), FACP (Associate Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Director) (Associate Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Director)

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada

    Nicholas Bellamy MD, MSc, FRCP(Glas), FRCP(Edin), FRCP(C), FACP (Associate Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Director) (Associate Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brandt, K.D., Flusser, D. (1991). Osteoarthritis. In: Bellamy, N. (eds) Prognosis in the Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3896-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3896-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5735-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3896-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation