Skip to main content

Endometriosis and infertility

  • Chapter
Modern Approaches to Endometriosis

Abstract

It is axiomatic that before treatment of a disease can be justified it must be shown to confer benefit. Since the introduction of the laparoscope, clinicians have been diagnosing endometriosis in the infertile woman with increasing frequency. It is current practice to treat this either medically or surgically and yet perhaps the most controversial clinical problem with endometriosis is whether, if there is no mechanical damage, it has a causal relationship with infertility. The picture is further obscured by recent evidence that pelvic endometriosis is a more ubiquitous phenomenon than previously realized. It is quite possible that the finding of endometriosis is coincidental to the infertility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Strathy, J.H., Molgaard, C.A., Coulam, C.B. and Melton, L.J. (1982). Endometriosis and infertility: a laparoscopic study of endometriosis among fertile and infertile women. Fertil. Steril., 38, 667–672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hasson, H.M. (1976). Incidence of endometriosis in diagnostic laparoscopy. J. Reprod. Med., 16, 135–135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Petersohn, E.P. and Behrman, S.J. (1970). Laparoscopy of the infertile patient. Obstet. Gynecol., 36, 363–367

    Google Scholar 

  4. Drake, T.S. and Grunert, G.M. (1980). The unsuspected pelvic factor in the infertility investigation. Fertil. Steril., 34, 27–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Goldenberg, R.L. and Magendantz, H.G. (1976). Laparoscopy and the infertility investigation. Obstet. Gynecol., 47, 410–414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hull, M.G.R., Glazener, C.M.A., Kelly, N.J., Conway, D.I., Foster, P.A., Hinton, R.A., Coulson, C., Lambert, P.A., Watt, E. and Desai, K.M. (1985). Population study of causes, treatment and outcome of infertility. Br. Med. J., 291, 1693–1697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Thomas, E.J. and Cooke, I.D. (1987). Successful treatment of asymptomatic endometriosis. Does it benefit infertile women? Br. Med. J., 294, 1117–1119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schenken, R.S. and Asch, R.J. (1980). Surgical induction of endometriosis in the rabbit: Effects on fertility and concentrations of peritoneal fluid prostaglandins. Fertil. Steril., 34, 581–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schenken, R.S., Asch, R.J., Williams, R.F. and Hodgen, G.D. (1984). Etiology of infertility in monkeys with infertility: measurement of peritoneal fluid prostaglandins. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 150, 349–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schenken, R.S., Asch, R.J., Williams, R.F. and Hodgen, G.D. (1984). Etiology of infertility in monkeys with endometriosis. Luteinized unruptured follicles, luteal phase defects, pelvic adjesions and spontaneous abortions. Fertil. Steril., 41, 122–130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Donnez, J., Wayemberg, M., Casanas-Roux, F., Karaman, Y., Willems, T. and Ferin, J. (1987). Effect on ovulation of surgically induced endometriosis in rabbits. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest., 24, 131–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kaplan, C.R., Eddy, C.A., Olive, D.L. and Schenken, R.S. (1989). Effect of ovarian endometriosis on ovulation in rabbits. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 160, 40–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dmowski, W.P., Steele, R.W. and Baker, G.F. (1981). Deficient cellular immunity in endometriosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 141, 377–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hahn, D.W., Carraher, R.P., Foldesy, R.G. and McGuire, J.L. (1986). Experimental evidence for failure to implant as a mechanism of infertility associated with endometriosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 155, 1109–1113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dunselman, G.A., Land, J.A., Bouckaert, P.X. and Evers, J.L. (1988). Effect of endometriosis on ovulation, ovum pickup, fertilization and tubal transport in the rabbit. J. Reprod. Fertil., 82, 193–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dunselman, G.A., Land, J.A., Dumoulin, J.C., Bouckaert, P.X. and Evers, J.L. (1988). Effect of endometriosis on early embryonic development in the rabbit. Hum. Reprod., 3, 459–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Roddick, J.W., Conkey, G. and Jacobs, E.J. (1960). The hormonal response of endometrium in endometriotic implants and its relationship to symptomatology. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 79, 1173–1177

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Schweppe, K.W. and Wynn, R.M. (1981). Ultrastructural changes in endometriotic implants during the menstrual cycle. Obstet. Gynecol., 58 465–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Vasquez, G., Cornillie, F. and Brosens, I.A. (1984). Peritoneal endometriosis, screening electron mircroscopy and histology of pelvic endometriotic lesions. Fertil. Steril., 42, 696–703

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Janne, O., Kaupilla, A., Kokko, E., Lantto, T., Ronnberg, L. and Vikho, R. (1981). Estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometriosis tissue. Comparison with endometrial tissue. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 141, 561–566

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gould, S.F., Shannon, J.M. and Cunha, G.R. (1983). Nuclear estrogen binding sites in human endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 39, 520–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Haney, A.F., Handwerger, S. and Weinberg, J.B. (1984). Peritoneal fluid prolactin in infertile women with endometriosis: lack of secretory activity by endometrial implants. Fertil. Steril., 42, 935–938

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McKenzie, W.F., Splitter, G.A. and Valerio, M.G. (1972). Endometriosis in primates. In Medical Primatology, Part 1, pp. 288–297. (Basel: Karger)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Simpson, J.L., Elias, S., Malinak, L.R. and Buttram, V.C. (1980). Hereditable aspects of endometriosis. 1. Genetic studies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 137, 327–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Malinak, L.R., Buttram, V.C., Elias, S. and Buttram, V.C. (1980). Hereditable aspects of endometriosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 137, 332–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cheeseman, K.L., Ben-Nun, I., Chatterton, R.T. and Cohen, M.R. (1982). The relationship of luteinizing hormone, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide and estriol-16-glucuronide in the urine of infertile women with endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 38, 542–548

    Google Scholar 

  27. Vaughan-Williams, C.A., Oak, M.K. and Elstein, M. (1987). Gonadotrophin reponses to oestrogen provocation in women with minimal endometriosis. Clin. Reprod. Fertil., 5, 119–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hirschowitz, J.S., Soler, N.G. and Worstman, J. (1978). The galactorrhea-endometriosis syndrome, Lancet, 1, 896–898

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hargrove, J.T. and Abraham, G.E. (1980). Abnormal luteal function in endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 34, 302

    Google Scholar 

  30. Muse, K., Wilson, E.A. and Jawad, M.J. (1982). Prolactin hyperstimulation in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 38, 419–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Radwanska, E., Henig, I. and Dmowski, W.P. (1987). Nocturnal prolactin levels in women with endometriosis. J. Reprod. Med., 32, 605–605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Soules, M.R., Malinak, L.R., Bury, R. and Poindexter, A. (1976). Endometriosis and anovulation: A coexisting problem in the infertile female. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 125, 412–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Dmowski, W.P., Chen, M.R. and Wilhelm, J.L. (1976). Endometriosis and ovulatory failure: Does it occur? Should ovulatory stimulating agents be used? In Greenblatt, R. (ed.) Recent Advances in Endometriosis, pp. 129–136. Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series, No. 368. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tummon, I.S., Maclin, V.M., Radwanska, E., Binor, Z. and Dmowski, W.P. (1987). Occult ovulatory dysfunction in women with minimal endometriosis or unexplained infertility. Fertil. Steril., 50, 716–720

    Google Scholar 

  35. Brosens, I.A., Koninckx, P.R. and Corvelyn, P.A. (1978). A study of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17-beta, prolactin and LH levels, and of the luteal phase appearance of the ovaries in patients with endometriosis and infertility. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 85, 246–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Donnez, J. and Thomas, K. (1982). Incidence of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome in fertile women and in women with endometriosis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 14, 187–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lesorgen, P.R., Wu, C.H., Green, W., Gocial, B. and Lerner, L.J. (1984). Peritoneal fluid and serum steroids in infertility patients. Fertil. Steril., 42, 237–242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Koninckx, P.R., Ide, P., Vanderbroucke, W. and Brosens, I.A. (1980). New aspects of the pathophysiology of endometriosis and associated infertility. J. Reprod. Med., 24, 247–260

    Google Scholar 

  39. Koninckx, P.R. and Brosens, I.A. (1982). The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. Obstet. Gynaecol. Annu., 11, 175–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dmowski, W.P., Rao, R. and Scommegna, A. (1980). The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 33, 30–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dhont, M., Serryn, R., Duvivier, P., Vanluchene, E., De Boevor, J. and Vanderkerkhove, D. (1984). Ovulation stigma and concentration of progesterone and estradiol in peritoneal fluid: relation with fertility and endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 41, 872–877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Vanrell, J.A., Balasch, J., Fuster, J.S. and Fuster, R. (1982). Ovulation stigma in fertile women. Fertil. Steril., 37, 712–713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Portuondo, J.A., Pena, J., Otaola, C. and Echanojauregui, A.D. (1981). Absence of ovulation stigma in the conception cycle. Int. J. Fertil., 28, 52–54

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kerin, J.F., Kirby, C., Morris, D., McEvoy, M., Ward, B. and Cox, L.W. (1983). Incidence of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome in cycling women. Fertil. Steril., 40, 620–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Liukonnen, S., Koskimies, A.I., Tenhunen, A. and Ylostalo, P. (1984). Diagnosis of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUF) by ultrasound. Fertil. Steril., 41, 26–30

    Google Scholar 

  46. Thomas, E.J., Lenton, E.A. and Cooke, I.D. (1986). Follicle growth patterns and endocrinological abnormalities in infertile women with minor degrees of endometriosis. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 93, 852–858

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Holtz, G., Williamson, H.O., Mathur, R.S., Landgrebe, S.C. and Moore, E.E. (1985). Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome in mild endometriosis. Assessment with biochemical parameters. J. Reprod. Med., 30, 643–645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Grant, A. (1966). Additional sterility factors in endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 17, 514–519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Ayers, J.W., Birenbaum, D.L. and Menon, K.M. (1987). Luteal phase dysfunction in endometriosis: elevated progesterone levels in peripheral and ovarian veins during the follicular phase. Fertil. Steril., 47, 925–929

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Radwanska, E. and Dmowski, W.P. (1981). Luteal function in infertile women with endometriosis. Infertility, 4, 269–277

    Google Scholar 

  51. Pittaway, D.E., Maxson, W., Daniell, J., Herbert, C. and Wentz, A.C. (1983). Luteal phase defects in infertility patients with endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 39, 712–713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Balasch, J. and Vanrell, J.A. (1985). Mild endometriosis and luteal function. Int. J. Fertil., 30, 4–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Yovich, J.L., Matson, P.L., Richardson, P.A. and Hilliard, C. (1988). Hormonal profiles and embryo quality in women with severe endometriosis treated by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil. Steril., 50, 308–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ronnberg, L., Kauppila, A. and Ralaniemi, J. (1984). Luteinizing hormone receptor disorder in endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 42, 64–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Halme, J., Hammond, M.G., Syrop, C.H. and Talbert, L.M. (1985). Peritoneal macrophages modulate human granulosa-luteal cell progesterone production. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 61, 912–916

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Suginami, H., Yano, K., Watanabe, K. and Matsuura, S. (1986). A factor inhibiting ovum capture by the oviductal fimbriae present in endometriosis peritoneal fluid. Fertil. Steril., 46, 1140–1146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Suginami, H. and Yano, K. (1988). An ovum capture inhibitor (OCI) in endometriosis peritoneal fluid: an OCI-related membrane responsible for fimbrial failure of ovum capture. Fertil. Steril., 50, 648–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wardle, P.G., McLaughlin, E.A., McDermott, A., Mitchell, J.D., Ray, B.D. and Hull, M.G.R. (1985). Endometriosis and ovulatory disorder: Reduced fertilization in vitro compared with tubal and unexplained infertility. Lancet, 2, 236–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Wardle, P.G., Foster, P.A., Mitchell, J.D., McLaughlin, E.A., Sykes, J.A.C., Corrigan, E., Hull, M.G.R., Ray, B.D. and McDermott, A. (1986). Endometriosis and IVF: Effect of prior therapy. Lancet, 1, 276–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Naples, J.D., Batt, R.E. and Sadigh, J. (1981). Spontaneous abortion rate in patients with endometriosis. Obstet. Gynecol., 57, 509–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Olive, D.L., Franklin, R.R. and Gratkins, L.V. (1982). The association between endometriosis and spontaneous abortion. J. Reprod. Med., 27, 333–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Petersohn, L. (1970). Fertility in patients with ovarian endometriosis before and after treatment. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 49, 331–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Pittaway, D.E., Vernon, C. and Fayez, J.A. (1988). Spontaneous abortion in women with endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 50, 711–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Regan, R., Braude, P.R. and Tembath, P.L. (1989). Influence of past reproductive performance on risk of spontaneous abortion. Br. Med. J., 299, 541–545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Cooke, I.D., Sulaiman, R.A., Lenton, E.A. and Parsons, R.J. (1981). Fertility and infertility statistics: Their importance and application. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 8, 531–548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Seibel, M.M., Berger, M.J., Weinstein, F.G. and Taymor, M.D. (1982). The effectiveness of danazol on subsequent fertility in minimal endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 38, 534–537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Bayer, S.R., Seibel, M.M., Saffan, D.S., Berger, M.J. and Taymor, M.L. (1988). Efficacy of danazol treatment for minimal endometriosis in infertile women. J. Reprod. Med., 33, 179–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hull, M.E., Moghissi, K.S., Magyar, D.F. and Hayes, M.F. (1987). Comparison of different treatment modalities of endometriosis in infertile women. Fertil. Steril., 47, 40–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Badawy, S.Z., El Bakry, M.M., Samuel, F. and Dizer, M. (1988). Cumulative pregnancy rates in infertile women with endometriosis. J. Reprod. Med., 33, 757–760

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Telimaa, S. (1988). Danazol and medroxyprogesterone acetate inefficacious in the treatment of infertility in endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 50, 872–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Chong, A.P., Keene, M.E. and Thornton, N.L. (1990). Comparison of three modes of treatment for infertility patients with minimal pelvic endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 53, 407–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Khan, I., Camus, M., Staessen, C., Wisanto, A., Devroey, P. and Van Steirteghem, A.C. (1988). Success rate in gamete intrafallopian transfer using low and high concentrations of washed spermatozoa. Fertil. Steril., 50, 922–927

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Yovich, J.L., Matson, P.L., Richardson, P.A. and Hilliard, C. (1988). Hormonal profiles and embryo quality in women with severe endometriosis treated by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil. Steril., 50, 308–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Yovich, J.L., Matson, P.L., Blackledge, D.G., Turner, S.R., Richardson, P.A., Yovich, J.M. and Edirisinghe, W.R. (1988). The treatment of normospermic infertility by gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 95, 316–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Wong, P.C., Ng, S.C., Hamilton, M.P., Anandakumar, C., Wong, Y.C. and Ratnam, S.S. (1988). Eighty consecutive cases of gamete intra-fallopian transfer. Hum. Reprod., 3, 231–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Borerro, C., Ord, T., Balmaceda, J.P., Rojas, F.J. and Asch, R.H. (1988). The GIFT experience: an evaluation of the outcome of 115 cases. Hum. Reprod., 3, 227–230

    Google Scholar 

  77. Braeckmans, P., Devroey, P., Camus, M., Khan, I., Staessen, C., Smitz, J., Van Waesberthe, L., Wisanto, A. and Van Steirteghem, A.C. (1987). Gamete intra-Fallopian transfer: evaluation of 100 consecutive attempts. Hum. Reprod., 2, 201–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Jansen, R.P.S. (1986). Minimal endometriosis and reduced fecundability: prospective evidence from an artificial insemination by donor program. Fertil. Steril., 46, 141–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Telimaa, S., Puolakka, J., Ronnberg, L. and Kauppilla, A. (1987). Placebo-controlled comparison of danazol and high-dose medroxy progesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. Gynecol. Endocrinol., 1, 13–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Thomas, E.J. and Cooke, I.D. (1987). Impact of gestrinone on the course of asymptomatic endometriosis. Br. Med. J., 294, 272–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. American Fertility Society (1979). Classification of endometriosis. Fertil. Steril., 32, 633

    Google Scholar 

  82. Dodge, S.T., Pumphrey, R.S. and Miyazawa, K. (1986). Peritoneal endometriosis in women requesting reversal of sterilization. Fertil. Steril., 45, 774–777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Murphy, A.A., Green, W.R., Bobbie, D., de la Cruz, Z.C. and Rock, J.A. (1986). Unsuspected endometriosis documented by scanning electron microscopy in visually normal peritoneum. Fertil. Steril., 46, 522–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Redwine, D.B. (1988). Is “microscopic” peritoneal endometriosis invisible? Fertil. Steril., 50, 665–666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Pepperell, R.J. and McBain, J.C. (1985). Unexplained infertility: a review. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 92, 569–580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Evers, J. (1987). The second look laparoscopy for the evaluation of the results of medical treatment of endometriosis should not be performed during ovarian suppression. Fertil. Steril., 47, 502–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thomas, E.J. (1991). Endometriosis and infertility. In: Thomas, E.J., Rock, J.A. (eds) Modern Approaches to Endometriosis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3864-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3864-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5719-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3864-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics