Generation of Ultrasound—Part II

Abstract

In the preceding chapter, the plane piezoelectric transducer operated in its thickness mode, which is the simplest and at the same time the most important example of a piezoelectric transducer, was dealt with in some detail. In the present chapter, which is also devoted to ultrasound generation, further kinds of ultrasound sources will be discussed, among them certain special types of thickness transducer as used for the generation of ultrasound at particularly low or very high frequencies. Furthermore, certain transducer types and supplementary techniques will be described as they are employed to attain high intensities or high motional amplitudes as well as to produce other than longitudinal waves.