Abstract
The pyrolysis of biomass has been applied industrially in the production of coke from peat in Finland. Other related industrial utilization schemes include gasification of wood residues and peat.
Research has been focused during this decade on high-pressure conversion of peat and black liquor, flash pyrolysis of bark, lignin, and peat, and hydrotreatment of peat pyrolysate. All experimental work is on the laboratory scale in batch or continuous units. Strong emphasis has been placed on international cooperation, and that is expected to continue.
The paper discusses also the results of a techno-economic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction processes converting wood and peat to gasoline and diesel fuels. The study was carried out by the working group of the International Energy Agency, Direct Biomass Liquefaction Activity, in which Canada, Finland, Sweden and the USA participated. The potential for future cost reduction through research and development was clearly demonstrated for both flash pyrolysis and high-pressure conversion. The atmospheric flash pyrolysis, however, was considered as the preferable route for further research, since the risks involved were assessed to be smaller than with other technologies.
The Energy Department of the Ministry of Trade and Industry has launched 10 national energy research programmes. Their combined estimated cost during 1988–1992 is about 600 million Finnish marks (FIM), corresponding to about 130 million ECU. Five programmes deal with energy production, two of which include aspects related to pyrolysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brandt, J., Sipilä, K. & Thun, R., Production and Use of Peat Coke. VTT Research Notes 542, Espoo, 1986.
Sipilä, K. et al., Production of activated carbon from Finnish peat coke. Paper presented at Symp. New Technologies in Peat Utilization of IPS Commission II, Bad Zwischenahn, Nov. 5–8, 1979. In Recent Technologies in the Use of Peat. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1983, pp. 199–207.
Sipilä, K., et al., Peat ammonia plant in Oulu—a case study. Paper presented at Int. Conference Pyrolysis and Gasification, CEC Luxembourg, 23–25 May 1989.
McKeough, P., Kurkela, E. & Sipilä, K., Thermochemical conversion of peat into gases and liquids; recent developments in Finland. In Energy from Biomass and Wastes X, April 7–10, 1986, Washington DC. IGT, Chicago, 1986.
Scott, D. S., Piskorz, J., Westerberg, I. & McKeough, P., Flash pyrolysis of peat in a fluidized bed. Fuel Proc. Tech., 18 (1988) 81–95.
Arpiainen, V., Lappi, M. & Nissilä, M., Flash-Pyrolysis of Peat, Wood, Bark and Lignin. Part 3. Tests with peat and pine bark. VTT Research Reports, Espoo, 1989.
Arpiainen, V. & Lappi, M., Products from the flash pyrolysis of peat and pine bark. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 16 (1989) 355–76.
McKeough, P. et al., Techno-economic Assessment of Direct Biomass Liquefaction Processes. VTT Research Reports 337, Espoo, 1985.
Hörnell, C. et al., Dissolution of peat and wood in tetralin compared with coal. In: Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, ed. R. P. Overend et al. Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1985, pp. 827–38.
Oasmaa, A., Upgrading of peat pyrolysis oil. Internal report, VTT, Espoo, 1989.
Johansson, A., A new chemical recovery system for the kraft process. Biomass, 4 (1984) 155–60.
McKeough, P. & Johansson, A., Oil production by high-pressure thermal treatment of black liquors. ACS Symp., 376 (1988) 104–12.
McKeough, P., Alén, R., Oasmaa, A. & Johansson, A., Thermochemical conversion of black liquor. In Proc. 4th E.C. Conf. on Biomass, Orleans, France, 11–15 May 1987, ed. G. Grassi et al., Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1987, pp. 362–5.
Jaakko Pöyry Ltd., Technical and economic prospects for a black liquor conversion process. Study for VTT Helsinki, 1987.
Fagernäs, L. & Sipilä, K., The behaviour of wax components in the drying system of a peat power plant. Fuel Processing Technology, 21 (1989) 189–200.
Kjellström, B. (ed.), IEA Forestry Energy Project, a study of a biomass liquefaction test facility. National Energy Administration, Sweden, Stockholm, 1985.
McKeough, P. et al., Techno-economic Assessment of Direct Biomass Liquefaction Processes. VTT Research Reports 337, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, 1985.
Beckman, D. et al., Final report stage 2, Technoeconomic assessment of selected biomass liquefaction processes. Research Reports 697, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, 1990.
Scott, D. & Piskorz, J., The continuous flash pyrolysis of biomass. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 62 (1984) 404–12.
Elliott, D. & Baker, E., Hydrotreating biomass liquids to produce hydrocarbon fuels. In: Energy from Biomass and Wastes X. IGT, Chicago, 1986, pp. 765–84.
Piskorz, J. & Scott, D., Pyrolysis of Carex peat’results of pilot plant pyrolysis tests performed for the Technical Research Centre. 5 Feb. 1988.
Elliott, D. C. et al., Production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from peat. J. Energy Fuels, 2 (1988) 234–5.
Thigpen, P. & Berry, W., Liquid fuels from wood by continuous operation of the Albany, Oregon biomass liquefaction facility. In: Energy from Biomass and Wastes VI. IGT, Chicago, 1982, pp. 1057–93.
Baker, E. & Elliott, D., Catalytic hydrotreating of biomass-derived oils. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. Preprints, 32 (1987) 257–63.
McKeough, P. & Tulenheimo, V., Techno-economic Assessment of High Pressure Peat Liquefaction. VTT Research Reports 492, Espoo, 1987.
Björnbom, E. & Björnbom, P., Some criteria for the selection of peat as a raw material for liquefaction. Fuel 67, 10 (1988) 1589–92.
Gevert, B. & Otterstedt, J., Upgrading of directly liquefied biomass to transportation fuels: catalytic cracking. Biomass, 14 (1987) 173–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Solantausta, Y., SipilÄ, K. (1991). Pyrolysis in Finland. In: Bridgwater, A.V., Grassi, G. (eds) Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3844-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3844-4_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-85166-565-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3844-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive