Abstract
Science, it is often said, knows no national boundaries. The operations and laws of nature are universal, and scientists from many nations have contributed to advancing our knowledge of them. When attempts have been made to reconstruct science on racial or political grounds — as ‘Aryan science’ in Nazi Germany, for example, or ‘socialist science’ by Lysenko — these have been everywhere condemned as antithetical to the very nature of the enterprise.
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Notes
An entire recent issue of Isis dealt with the topic of scientific setting, beginning with Jeffrey R. Sturchio’s ‘Editorial: Artifact and Experiments’, Isis, 78(1988), 369–72. Issues of authority and control were explicitly raised by Edward A. Shils’s arguments in ‘Center and Periphery’, in Logic of Personal Knowledge (Glencoe, Illinois, 1961). Historians of science have sometimes extended and more recently also reconsidered the dynamics of scientific centres and the hinterlands. On Europe see Mary Jo Nye, Science in the Provinces: Scientific communities and Provincial Leadership in France, 1860–1930 (Berkeley, 1986). On Australia, R.W. Home, ed., Australian Science in the Making (Sydney, 1988). On colonial relations see Lewis Pyenson, Cultural Imperialism and the Exact Sciences: German Expansion Overseas, 1990–1930 (New York, 1985); Lucile Brockway, Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanical Garden, (New York, 1979); and Susan Sheets-Pyenson, Cathedrals of Science: The Development of Colonial Natural History Museums during the Late Nineteenth Century (Kingston/Montreal, 1988).
John C. Greene, American Science in the Age of Jefferson (Ames, Iowa, 1984), esp. pp. 5–12; and Nathan Reingold, ‘Reflections on 200 Years of American Science’, in Reingold, ed., The Sciences in the American Context: New Perspectives (Washington, D.C., 1979).
George Basalla, ‘The Spread of Western Scienсe,’ Science, 156 (1967), 611–22.
Roy MacLeod, ‘On Visiting the “Moving Metropolis”: Reflections on the Architecture of Imperial Science’, Historical Records of Australian Science, 5(3) (1982), 1–16; reprinted in Nathan Reingold and Marc Rothenberg, eds., Scientific Colonialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison (Washington, D.C., 1987), pp. 217–32.
Ian Inkster and Jan Todd, ‘Support for the Scientific Enterprise, 1850–1900’, pp. 102–32 in R.W. Home, ed., Australian Science in the Making (Sydney, 1988); Roy MacLeod, ‘The “Practical Man”: Myth and Metaphor in Anglo-Australian Science’, Australian Cultural History, 8 (1989), 24–49.
Gavin de Beer, The Sciences were Never at War (London, 1960), chaps. 5, 13; David Knight, ‘Revolutions in Science: Chemistry and the Romantic Reaction to Science’, in William R. Shea, ed., Revolutions in Science: Their Meaning and Relevance (New York, 1988), pp. 49–69.
[International Council of Scientific Unions], Advice to Organizers of International Scientific Meetings (1987), p. 1.
Geoffrey Serte, From Deserts the Prophets Come: The Creative Spirit in Australia, 1788–1972 (Melbourne, 1973).
Reingold and Rothenberg, op. cit. (n.4).
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Home, R.W., Hohlstedt, S.G. (1991). Introduction. In: Home, R.W., Hohlstedt, S.G. (eds) International Science and National Scientific Identity. Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3786-7_1
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