Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Avoiding Hormone-Related Risk Factors

  • Chapter
Approaches to Breast Cancer Prevention

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology ((DION,volume 62))

Abstract

There is considerable evidence that a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer is decreased by childbearing. In addition, removal of the ovaries before the menopause offers some protection against the disease. But how many women would be prepared to embark on pregnancy or submit to castration solely to reduce their risk of breast cancer? Premenopausal oophorectomy is a major operation with unpleasant and potentially lethal longterm side-effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. MacMahon, B., Cole, P., Brown, J. (1973). Etiology of breast cancer: a review. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 50, 21–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pike, M.C., Ross, R.K. (1984). Breast cancer. Br. Med. Bull., 40, 351–354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pike, M.C. (1987). Age-related factors in cancers of the breast, ovary, and endometrium. J. Chron. Dis., 40, 59S–69S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Layde, P.M., Webster, L.A., Baughman, A.L. et al. and the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study Group (1989). The independent associations of parity, age at first full term pregnancy, and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of breast cancer. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 42, 963–973.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kvale, G., Heuch, I. (1987). Lactation and cancer risk: is there a relation specific to breast cancer? J. Epidemiol. Com. Health, 42, 30–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Siskind, V., Schofield, F., Rice, D., Bain, C. (1989). Breast cancer and breastfeeding: results from an Australian case-control study. Am J. Epidemiol., 130, 229–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ingram, D., Nottage, E., Ng, S. et al. (1989). Obesity and breast disease: the role of female sex hormones. Cancer, 64, 1049–1053.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cuzick, J., Wang, D.Y., Bulbrook, R.D. (1987). The prevention of breast cancer. Lancet, i, 83–86.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Key, T.J.A., Pike, M.C. (1988). The role of oestrogens and progestogens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 24, 29–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Metcalfe, M.G., MacKenzie, J.A. (1985). Menstrual cycle and exposure to oestrogens unopposed by progesterone: relevance to studies on breast cancer incidence. J. Endocrinol., 104, 137–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. De Waard, F., Wang, Y. (1988). Epidemiology and prevention: workshop report. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 24, 45–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Korenman, S.G. (1980). Oestrogen window hypothesis of the aetiology of breast cancer. Lancet, i, 700–701.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dawson, E.K. (1934). A histological study of the normal mamma in relation to tumour growth. Edin. Med. J., 41, 653–682.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Milligan, D., Drife, J.O., Short, R.V. (1975). Changes in breast volume during normal menstrual cycle and after oral contraceptives. Br. Med. J., iv, 494–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Malini, S., Smith, E.O., Goldzieher, J.W. (1985). Measurement of breast volume by ultrasound during normal menstrual cycles and with oral contraceptive use. Obstet. Gynecol., 66, 538–541.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Drife, J.O. (1989). Breast modifications during the menstrual cycle. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet., Suppl 1, 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Drife, J.O. (1981). The effects of parity and the normal menstrual cycle on the normal mammary gland and their possible relationship to malignant change. M.D. Thesis, Edinburgh University.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Anderson, T.J., Ferguson, D.J.P., Raab, G.M. (1982). Cell turnover in the ‘resting’ human breast: influence of parity, contraceptive pill, age and laterality. Br. J. Cancer, 46, 376–382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Potten, C.S., Watson, R.J., Williams, G.T. et al. (1988). The effect of age and menstrual cycle upon proliferative activity of the normal human breast. Br. J. Cancer, 58, 163–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Masters, J.R.W., Drife, J.O., Scarisbrick, J.J. (1977). Cyclic variation of DNA synthesis in human breast epithelium. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 58, 1263–1265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Going, J.J., Anderson, T.J., Battersby, S., MacIntyre, C.C.A. (1988). Proliferative and secretory activity in human breast during natural and artificial menstrual cycles. Am J. Pathol., 130, 193–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Petersen, O.W., Hoyer, P.E., van Deurs, B. (1987). Frequency and distribution of estrogen receptor-positive cells in normal, nonlactating human breast tissue. Cancer Res., 47, 5748–5751.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Markopoulos, C., Berger, U., Wilson, P. et al. (1988). Oestrogen receptor content of normal breast cells and breast carcinomas throughout the menstrual cycle. Br. Med. J., 296, 1349–1351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dawson, E.K. (1935). A histological study of the normal mamma in relation to tumour growth: II The mature gland in pregnancy and lactation. Edin. Med. J., 42, 569–598.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mauvais-Jarvis, P. (1987). Effects on the breast of drugs used in fertility regulation. Hum. Reprod., 2, 159–162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Trichopoulos, D. (1990). Hypothesis: does breast cancer originate in utero? Lancet, 335, 939–940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. McCarty, K.S. (1989). Proliferative stimuli in the normal breast: estrogens or progestins? Hum. Pathol., 20, 1137–1138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Drife, J.O. (1981). Breast cancer, pregnancy and the pill. Br. Med. J., 283, 778–779.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Drife, J.O. (1989). The oral contraceptive pill and breast cancer in young women. Br. Med. J., 298, 1269–1270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. UK National Case-Control Study Group. (1989). Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk in young women. Lancet, i, 973–982.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Anderson, T.J., Battersby, S., King, R.J.B. et al. (1989). Oral contraceptive use influences resting breast proliferation. Human Pathol., 20, 1139–1144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Barrett-Connor, E. (1989). Postmenopausal estrogen replacement and breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 321, 319–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bergkvist, L., Adami, H.O., Persson, I. et al. (1989). The risk of breast cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement. N. Engl. J. Med., 321, 293–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Meyer, J.S., Connor, R.E. (1982). Cell proliferation in fibrocystic disease and postmenopausal breast ducts measured by thymidine labelling. Cancer, 50, 746–751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. James Owen Drife
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oncology Department St Thomas’ Hospital, and to Joint Breast Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK

    Basil A. Stoll FRCR, FFR (Honorary Consulting Physician) (Honorary Consulting Physician)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Drife, J.O. (1991). Avoiding Hormone-Related Risk Factors. In: Stoll, B.A. (eds) Approaches to Breast Cancer Prevention. Developments in Oncology, vol 62. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3742-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3742-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5664-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3742-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation