Abstract
After a brief introduction to the general brittle-ductile behaviour of polycrystalline materials we examine the flow and fracture properties of ice using recent experimental data. Results from uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, and from uniaxial tension tests, are presented that directly allow us to map out the range of various ice deformation mechanisms. In particular we examine the influence of microcracking on creep behaviour, the transition from flow to fracture, and the nature of uniaxial and triaxial brittle failure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Murreil, S.A.F., Brittle-to-ductile transitions in polycrystalline non-metallic materials. In Deformation Processes in Minerals, Ceramics and Rocks, eds D.J. Barber and P.G. Meredith, Unwin Hyman, London, 1990, ppl09–37.
Griffith, A.A., The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., 1920, A221, 163–98.
Murrell, S.A.F., The theory of the propagation of elliptical Griffith cracks under various conditions of plane strain or plane stress. Part I. Br. J. Appl. Phys., 1964, 15, 1195–210;
Murrell, S.A.F., The theory of the propagation of elliptical Griffith cracks under various conditions of plane strain or plane stress. Part II and Part III. Br. J. Appl. Phys., 1964, 15, 1211–23
Orowan, E., Fundamentals of brittle behaviour in metals. In Fatigue and Fracture of Metals, ed. W.M. Murray, Wiley, New York, 1952, pp. 139–167.
Ashby, M.F. and Hallam, S.D., The failure of brittle solids containing small cracks under compressive stress states. Acta Metall., 1986, 34, 497–510.
Murrell, S.A.F., The effect of triaxial stress systems on the strength of rocks at atmospheric temperatures. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1965, 10, 231–81.
Murrell, S.A.F. and Digby, P.J., The theory of brittle fracture initiation under triaxial stress conditions: I. Geoohvs. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1970, 19, 309–34
Murrell, S.A.F. and Digby, P.J., The theory of brittle fracture initiation under triaxial stress conditions: II. Geoohvs. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1970, 19, 499–512
Horii, H. and Nemat-Nasser, S., Brittle failure in compression: splitting, faulting and the brittle-ductile transition. Phil. Trans. Rov. Soc. Lond., 1986, A319, 337–74.
Sammonds, P.R., Murrell, S.A.F. and Rist, M.A., Fracture of multi-year sea ice under triaxial stresses: apparatus description and preliminary results. J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng., 1989, 111(3), 258–263.
Sammonds, P.R., Murrell, S.A.F., Rist, M.A. and Butler, D., The design of a high-pressure, low temperature triaxial deformation cell for ice. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 1991, 19(2), in press.
Rist, M.A., Sammonds, P.R. and Murrell, S.A.F., Strain rate control during deformation of ice: an assessment of the performance of a new servo-controlled triaxial testing system. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 1991, 19(2), in press.
Rist, M.A., Murrell, S.A.F. and Sammonds, P.R., Experimental results on the failure of polycrystalline ice under triaxial stress conditions. In Proc. IAHR Ice Symp., Sapporo, Japan, 1988, pp118–27.
Hallbauer, D.K., Wagner, H. and Cook, N.G.W., Some observations concerning the microscopic and mechanical behaviour of quartzite specimens in stiff, triaxial compression tests. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 1973, 10, 713–726.
Costin, L.S., Damage mechanics in the post-failure regime. Mech. Mat., 1985, 4, 149–60.
Sinha, N.K. Crack enhanced creep in polycrystalline material: strain-rate sensitive strength and deformation of ice, J. Mater. Sci., 1988, 23, 4415–28.
Jordaan, I.J. and McKenna, R.F., Processes of deformation and fracture of ice in compression. In. Proc. IUTAM/IAHR Synp. Ice/Structure Interactions, St Johns, Canada, 1989, in press.
Mellor, M. and Cole, D.M., Deformation and failure of ice under constant stress or constant strain-rate. Cold. Reg. Sci. Technol., 1982, 5, 201–19.
Mellor, M. and Cole, D.M., Stress/strain/time relations for ice under uniaxial compression. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 1983, 6, 207–30.
Barnes, P., Tabor, D. and Walker, J.C.F., The friction and creep of polycrystalline ice. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 1971, A324, 127–55.
Budd, W.F. and Jacka, T.H., A review of ice rheology for ice sheet modelling. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 1989, 16, 107–144.
Sinha, N.K., Rheology of columnar-grained ice. Exper. Mech., 1978, 18, 464–470.
Weertman, J., Creep deformation of ice. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 1983, 11, 215–40.
Duval, P., Ashby, M.F. and Andermann, I., Rate-controlling processes in the creep of polycrystalline ice. J. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 4066–74.
Walker, J.C.F., The mechanical properties of ice Ih. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1970.
Cole, D.M., Strain rate and grain size effects in ice. J. Glaciol., 1987, 33, 274–280.
Jones, S.J., The confined compressive strength of polycrystalline ice. J. Glaciol., 1982, 28, 171–7.
Durham, W.B., Heard, H.C. and Kirby, S.H., Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature: preliminary results. J. GeoPhys. Res., 1983, 88, B377–B392.
Kirby, S.H., Durham, W.B., Beeman, M.L., Heard, H.C. and Daley, M.A., Inelastic properties of ice Ih at low temperatures and high pressures. J. de Physique, 1987, 48, Colloque C1 (3), 227–32.
Mellor, M. and Testa, R., Effect of temperature on the creep of ice. J. Glaciol., 1969, 8, 131–45.
Jones, S.J. and Brunei, J.G., Deformation of ice single crystals close to the melting point. J. Glaciol., 1978, 21, 445–56.
Schulson, E.M., The fracture of ice Ih. J. de Physique, 1987, 48, Colloque C1 (3), 207–218.
Hallam, S.D., The role of fracture in limiting ice forces. In Proc. IAHR Symposium on Ice, 1986, Iowa, USA, Vol. 2, pp 387–319.
Schulson, E.M. The Brittle compressive fracture of ice. Acta. Metall., 1990, 38, 1963–76.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rist, M.A., Murrell, S.A.F. (1991). Relationship Between Creep and Fracture of Ice. In: Cocks, A.C.F., Ponter, A.R.S. (eds) Mechanics of Creep Brittle Materials 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3688-4_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3688-4_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-85166-701-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3688-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive