Abstract
Sediment cores, dated by 210Pb and/or varves, from lakes that do not receive point or non-point source discharge of pollutant metals and metalloids from within their catchments have been used to:
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1.
Develop a chronology of atmospheric deposition of trace elements related to air pollution.
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2.
Identify sources of these elements.
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3.
Estimate net fluxes of trace metals from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
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4.
Determine the extent of sediment focussing of metals (e.g. Pb) relative to the atmospheric flux of that metal.
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5.
Assess long term variations in the input of dry deposition of selected elements to lakes.
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6.
Establish if the water column has acidified.
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7.
Determine the maximum possible net increase in alkalinity generation attributable to cation release from the sediments of lakes which have undergone acidification.
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8.
Establish that fluxes of some metals (e.g. Al and Fe) from the catchment to the sediments have increased in many systems undergoing acidification.
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9.
Determine the net maximum alkalinity generation represented by the net sulfate reduction and storage in the sediment.
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10.
Estimate temporal variations in the speciation of metals retained in the sediment, caused by altered chemical conditions in the catchment soils, streams, and lakes.
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Norton, S.A., Kahl, J.S. (1991). Progress in understanding the chemical stratigraphy of metals in lake sediments in relation to acidic precipitation. In: Smith, J.P., et al. Environmental History and Palaeolimnology. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 67. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3592-4_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3592-4_10
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