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Geology and Chemistry of the Early Proterozoic Purtuniq Ophiolite, Cape Smith Belt, Northern Quebec, Canada

  • Conference paper
Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere

Part of the book series: Petrology and Structural Geology ((PESG,volume 5))

Abstract

The two-billion year-old Purtuniq ophiolite comprises pillowed mafic flows, sheeted mafic dykes, gabbros, and minor plagiogranites, and an extensive suite of layered mafic and ultramafic cumulate rocks; depleted mantle rocks have not been observed. The tectonically dismembered ophiolite is similar in most physical and chemical respects to Phanerozoic ophiolites, and represents direct evidence for modern-style plate tectonic processes in the early Proterozoic. The preservedcrustal thickness is of the order of 7. 5–8 km; but may originally have been as much as 9–10 km thick. The pillowed volcanic rocks and sheeted dykes are tholeiitic, with rare earth and other trace element abundances most similar to modern MORBs. The cumulate rocks a,lso follow a tholeiitic trend in major element composition. The mafic nature of the volcanic pile, the absence of extensive pyroclastic rocks, and the presence of a well developed sheeted dyke complex stratigraphically underlying the volcanic rocks supports an oceanic spreading center origin for the ophiolite. Modally graded layers and adcumulate textures observed in thin section suggest that the layered mafic and ultramafic rocks are dominantly the result of cumulus crystallization. Cryptic compositional variations in relict igneous minerals, such as forsterite content in olivine, and chromium and titanium content of clinopyroxene do not vary systematically with stratigraphic height in the cumulate pile. This is thought to record the periodic input of fresh batches of primitive magma into the magma chamber. Nd-isotopic data suggest that two time-integrated depleted mantle sources were responsible for the generation of the ophiolite, one highly depleted (∈Nd + 4. 6 to + 5. 3), the other less so (∈Nd +2. 5 to +3. 6). Each source produced a suite of cumulate rocks and sheeted mafic dykes. The mutually intrusive nature of sheeted dykes from the two suites suggests that the two sources operated simultaneously, and in close proximity to one another. The physical extent of the ocean basin in which the ophiolite was generated is not well constrained.

M. R. St-Onge. Whole-rock geochemistry was paid for by the GSC. Labwork at Queen’s was supported by NSERC Operating Grant A8375 to H. Helmstaedt. Helmstaedt’s 1987 field visit to Cape Smith, which resulted in his prediction and subsequent discovery of the sheeted dykes in the Watts Group, was covered by NSERC A8375. The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of an NSERC Canada scholarship and additional funds from the Department of Geological Sciences, Queen’s University. A School of Graduate Studies and Research (Queen’s) grant toward travel expenses facilitated the first author’s participation in this Symposium. W. R. A. Baragar is thanked for his comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Ont., Canada

    D. J. Scott & H. Helmstaedt

  2. GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, C. P. 8888, Succursale A, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada

    D. J. Scott

  3. Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, KIA 0E8, Ont., Canada

    M. R. St-Onge & S. B. Lucas

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  1. D. J. Scott
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  2. M. R. St-Onge
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Tj. Peters A. Nicolas R. G. Coleman

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Scott, D.J., St-Onge, M.R., Lucas, S.B., Helmstaedt, H. (1991). Geology and Chemistry of the Early Proterozoic Purtuniq Ophiolite, Cape Smith Belt, Northern Quebec, Canada. In: Peters, T., Nicolas, A., Coleman, R.G. (eds) Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere. Petrology and Structural Geology, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_41

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_41

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5484-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3358-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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