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Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere pp 231–260Cite as

Platinum-Group Elements and Gold in Ophiolitic Complexes: Distribution and Fractionation from Mantle to Oceanic Floor

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Part of the book series: Petrology and Structural Geology ((PESG,volume 5))

Abstract

This review paper attempts to discuss the distribution of noble metals in ophiolitic complexes and suggests new targets for exploration.

Platinum-Group Elements (PGE) are nearly unfractionated in the less depleted mantle rocks (lherzolites). Residual dunites are clearly empoverished in Pt, Pd, and Au which were collected by silicate melts during partial melting. The chromite grains of the podiform chromitites, which crystallized early in magmatic conduits in the mantle, include Os-Ir-Ru minerals. Podiform chromitites are PGE-poor (100–500 ppb) or PGE-rich (up to 1 ppm), the highest PGE contents (>ppm) are often related to the presence of interstitial sulphides. In the crustal section PGE are fractionated among the magmatic rocks (Pd/Ir ratio increases from dunite to gabbro). The very low PGE content of the basaltic lavas involves a PGE segregation in a magmatic sulphide phase before emplacement at surface. POE-rich sulphides are locally present at the base of the crustal section (in chromite-rich dunite or in pyroxenite) or among the upper gabbros. Hydrothermal processes related to serpentinization concentrate mainly gold (1–10 ppm) in sulphide-rich serpentinites, or in carbonatized (listwaenite) or silicified serpentinites where the noble metals are in sulphides and/or arsenides. Convective hydrothermal systems strongly leached the magmatic pile, then precipitated on the ocean floor (i) Massive Sulphide Deposits (Cyprus-type MSD) which may be gold-rich (>lppm); and (ii) metalliferous sediments displaying slight enrichments in Pt-Pd and Au. Up to 1 ppm Pt may be found in oceanic Mn-nodules. Lastly, weathering and erosion should concentrate PGE in laterites and placers.

PGE are an economically important group of elements and new targets should be explored in ophiolites: (1) chromitite pods (Os-Ir-Ru) which may be also Ru-Pt-Pd-rich when sulphides are present; (2) sulphide-rich serpentinites or carbonatized-serpentinites (listwaenites) mainly for gold; (3) sulphide-bearing magmatic rocks (Ru-Pt-Pd); (4) exhalative metalliferous sediments; and (5) laterites and placers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. C.N.R.S., Centre Géologique et Géophysique, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier Cedex 2, 34095, France

    Marc Leblanc

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  1. Marc Leblanc
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Tj. Peters A. Nicolas R. G. Coleman

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© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Leblanc, M. (1991). Platinum-Group Elements and Gold in Ophiolitic Complexes: Distribution and Fractionation from Mantle to Oceanic Floor. In: Peters, T., Nicolas, A., Coleman, R.G. (eds) Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere. Petrology and Structural Geology, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5484-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3358-6

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