Skip to main content

Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines: Underestimated Carcinogens in Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

  • Chapter
Causation and Prevention of Human Cancer

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology ((DION,volume 63))

  • 30 Accesses

Abstract

Smoking is causally related to the occurrence of cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, lung and oesophagus. It is also a contributory factor to the development of cancer of the pancreas, kidney and urinary bladder (1). Tobacco smoke contains more than 3800 compounds (2). Some of these compounds such as the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aromatic amines, N-nitroso compounds, polonium-210 and others are known to be strong carcinogens. There are also toxic smoke constituents such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen cyanide and others (1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Tobacco smoking. (1986) Vol 38, Lyon, IARC.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dube, M. F. and Green, C.R. (1982) Methods of collection of smoke for analytical purposes. Recent Adv Tobacco Sci, 8, 42–102.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hoffmann, D. and Hecht SS. (1985) Nicotine derived N-nitrosamines and tobacco related cancer: current status and future directions. Cancer Res, 45, 935–944.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hecht, S.S., Chen, Ch.B., Ornaf, R.M., Jacobs, E., Adams, J.D. and Hoffmann, D. (1978) Reaction of nicotine and sodium nitrite: formation of nitrosamines and fragmentation of the pyrrolidine ring. J Org Chem, 43, 72–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fischer, S. (1988). üntersuchungen zur Belastung von Rauchern mit tabakspezifischen Nitrosaminen und Moglichkeiten zur Expositionsverminderung. University of Heidelberg, FRG: Doctoral thesis.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fischer, S., Spiegelhalder, B. and Preussmann, R. (1989) Preformed tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco role of nitrate and influence of tobacco type. 1989. Carcinogenesis, 10, 1511–1517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fischer, S., Spiegelhalder, B. and Preussmann, R. (1990) Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in European and USA cigarettes. Arch Geschwulstforsch, 60, 169–177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hecht, S.S. and Hoffmann, D. (1988) Tobacco-specific nitrosamines an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis, 9, 875–884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. LaVoie, E.J., Prokopczyk, G., Rigotty, J., Czech, A., Rivenson, A. and Adams, J.D. (1987) Tumorigenic activity of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1 -(3-pyridyl}-1-butanone (NNK), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1 -(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (iso-NNAL) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) on topical application to Sencar mice. 1987. Cancer Lett, 37, 277–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Verordnung uber Tabakerzeugnisse (Tabakverordnung) vom 20 December (1977) (BGBl. I S.2831) i.d.F. der AndV. vom 26.10.1982 (BGBl.I.S.1444).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kommission der Europaischen Gemeinschaften Vorschlag uber eine Richtlinie des Rates zur Angleichung der Rechtsund Verwaltungsvorschriften der Mitlgliedsstaaten uber den hochstzulassigen Teergehalt von Zigaretten. (1988). Brussels, Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Klus, H. (1986) Low-tar cigarettes possibilities and limitations. In: Zaridze D.G. and Peto, R. (eds) Tobacco: A major international health hazard. IARC Scientific Publication N. 74, Lyon France, pp 265–281.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Anonymus Die TabakZeitung, DTZ-Dokumentation N. 17, Mainz FRG. Mainzer Verlagsgesellschaft, (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fischer, S., Spiegelhalder, B. and Preussmann, R. (1989) Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of West germany cigarettes tar alone is not a sufficient index for the carcinogenic potential of cigarette smoke. Carcinogenesis, 10, 169–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ruhl, C., Amdas, J.D. and Hoffmann, D. (1980) Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. LXIV. Comparative assessment of volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in the smoke of selected cigarettes from the USA, West Germany and France. J Anal Toxicol, 4, 255–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chamberlain, W. J., Bates, J.C., Chortyk, O.T. and Stephenson, M.G. (1986) Studies on the reduction of nitrosamines in tobacco. Tobacco Sci, 81, 38–39.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Akehurst, B.C. (1981) Tobacco. London, New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Fischer, S., Spiegelhalder, B., Eisenbarth, J. and Preussmann, R. (1990) Investigations on the origin of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of cigarettes. Carcinogenesis, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Anonymous How the brands ranked. (1987) World Tob, 100, 72–74.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fischer, S., Spiegelhalder, B. and Preussmann, R. (1989) Influence of smoking parameters on the delivery of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette smoke a contribution to relative risk evaluation. Carcinogenesis, 10, 1059–1066.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Herning, R. I., Jones, R.T., Bachman, J. and Mines, A.H. (1981). Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked. Brit Med J, 282, 187–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Puustinen, P., Olkkonen, H., Kolonen, S. and Tuomisto,J. (1987) Microcomputer-aided measurement of puff parameters during smoking of lowand medium-tar cigarettes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 47, 655–660.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Russel, M. A. H. (1976) Low-tar medium-nicotine cigarettes:a new approach to safer smoking. Br Med J, 1, 1430–1433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Woodman, G., Newman, S. P., Pavia, D. and Clarke, S. W. (1987) The separate effects of tar and nicotine on the smoking manoeuvre. Eur J Respir Dis, 70, 316–321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hoffmann, D., Dong, M. and Hecht, S. S. (1977) Origin in tobacco smoke of N’-nitrosonornicotine a tobacco-specific carcinogen: brief communication. J Natl Canc Inst, 58, 1841–1844.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Adams, J. D., Lee, S. J., Vinchkoski, N., Castonguay, A. and Hoffmann, D. (1983) On the formation of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone during smoking. Cancer Lett, 17, 339–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Borland, C. and Higenbottam, T. (1987) Nitric oxide yields of contemporary UK, US and French cigarettes. Int J Epidemiol, 16, 31–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fisher, S., Spiegelhalder, B., Preussmann, R. (1991). Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines: Underestimated Carcinogens in Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. In: Hill, M.J., Giacosa, A. (eds) Causation and Prevention of Human Cancer. Developments in Oncology, vol 63. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3308-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3308-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5460-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3308-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics