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Neuropeptides in coelenterates: a review

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Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 66))

Abstract

Coelenterate neurones produce peptides containing an Arg-Phe-NH2(RF-amide)-like carboxyterminus. RF-amide-like peptides are located in neuronal dense-cored vesicles, indicating that they are released by exocytosis and that they might function as neurotransmitters or neurohormones. Using a radioimmunoassay for the sequence RF-amide, 3 peptides were isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima: < Glu-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2 (Antho-RF-amide), < Glu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2 (Antho-RW-amide I) and < Glu-Gly-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2 (Antho-RW-amide II). The general structure of these peptides can be described as < Glu...Arg-X-NH2, where X is an aromatic amino acid. From the hydromedusa Polyorchis penicillatus, the peptide < Glu-Leu-Leu-Gly-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2 (Pol-RF-amide I) was isolated, which also belongs to the < Glu... Arg-X-NH2 family. Using specific antisera, it was shown that all 4 peptides were located in neurones, many of which were associated with smooth muscle fibres. Application of low doses of Antho-RF-amide or of Antho-RW-amide I and II induced contractions of endodermal muscles of sea anemones. This suggests that these peptides are transmitters or modulators at neuromuscular junctions.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 2000, Hamburg 20, Germany

    C. J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen & D. Graff

  2. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    O. Koizumi & J. A. Westfall

  3. Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK

    I. D. McFarlane

Authors
  1. C. J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen
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  2. D. Graff
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  3. O. Koizumi
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  4. J. A. Westfall
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  5. I. D. McFarlane
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Editor information

R. B. Williams P. F. S. Cornelius R. G. Hughes E. A. Robson

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© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P., Graff, D., Koizumi, O., Westfall, J.A., McFarlane, I.D. (1991). Neuropeptides in coelenterates: a review. In: Williams, R.B., Cornelius, P.F.S., Hughes, R.G., Robson, E.A. (eds) Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 66. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_78

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_78

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5428-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3240-4

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