Abstract
Enzymes bearing flavin prosthetic groups are quite common in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. The tricyclic ring of isoalloxizine is an exceptionally versatile molecule that in different microenvironments carries out a variety of different biological redox functions. Most of these are well known and the present discussion will be restricted to a subgroup of flavin-dependent mono-oxygenases that catalyse the oxidation of an exceptionally broad range of substrates via a mechanism distinctly different from all other mono-oxygenases or oxidases.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agosin, M. and Ankley, G.T. (1987) Conversion of N,Af-dimethylaniline to N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide by a cytosolic flavin-containing enzyme from Trypanosoma cruzi. Drug Metab. Dispos. 15, 200–3.
Anders, M.W. (1988) Bioactivation mechanisms and hepatocellular damage, in The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, 2nd edn (eds J.M. Arias, H. Popper, W.B. Jakoby, D.S. Schachter and D. A. Shafritz) Raven Press, New York, pp. 389–400.
Beaty, N.S. and Ballou, D.P. (1981a) The reductive half-reaction of liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. J. Biol. Chem., 256, 4611–18.
Beaty, N.S. and Ballou, D.P. (1981b) The oxidative half-reaction of liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. J. Biol. Chem., 256, 4619–25.
Dixit, A. and Roche, T.E. (1984) Spectrophotometric assay of the flavin-containing monooxygenase and changes in activity in female mouse liver with nutritional and diurnal conditions. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 233, 50–63.
Gassner, R., Tynes, R.E., Lawton, M.P. et al. (1990) The flavin-containing monooxygenase expressed in pig liver: primary sequence, distribution and evidence for a single gene. Biochemistry, 29, 119–24.
Hasting, J.W. and Balny, C. (1975) The oxygenated bacterial luciferase-flavin intermediate: reaction products via the light and dark pathways. J. Biol. Chem., 250, 7288–93.
Hastings, J.W., Potrikus, C.J., Gupta, S.C. et al. (1985) Biochemistry and physiology of bioluminescent bacteria. Adv. Microb. Physiol., 26, 235–91.
Heinze, E., Hlavica, P., Kiese, M. and Lipowsky, G. (1970) N-oxygenation of arylamines in microsomes prepared from corpora lutea of the cycle and other tissues of the pig. Biochem. Pharmacol. Ther., 15, 32–8.
Kimura, T., Kodama, M. and Nagata, C. (1983) Purification of mixed-function amine oxidase from rat liver microsomes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 110, 640–5.
Kuwakahara, T., White, R.A. Jr and Agosin, M. (1985) A cytosolic FAD-containing enzyme catalyzing cytochrome c reduction in Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Purification and properties. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 239, 18–28.
Krieter, P.A., Ziegler, D.M., Hill, K.A. and Burk, R.F. (1984) Increased biliary GSSG efflux from rat livers perfused with thiocarbamide substrates for the flavin-containing monooxygenase. Mol. Pharmacol., 26, 122–7.
Liener, J.E. (1980) Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuff, 2nd edn, Academic Press, New York.
Nagata, T., Williams, D.E. and Ziegler, D.M. (1990) Substrate specificities of rabbit lung and porcine liver flavin-containing monooxygenases: differences due to substrate size, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 372–6.
Ohmiya, Y. and Mehendale, H.M. (1982) Metabolism of chlorpromazine by pulmonary microsomal enzymes in the rat and rabbit. Biochem. Pharmacol., 31, 157–62.
Ohmiya, Y. and Mehendale, H.M. (1983) N-Oxidation of N,N-dimethylaniline in the rabbit and rat lung. Biochem. Pharmacol., 32, 1281–5.
Ohmiya, Y. and Mehendale, H.M. (1984) Effect of mercury on accumulation and metabolism of chlorpromazine and impramine in rat lungs. Drug Metab. Dispos., 12, 376–8.
Omitz, T.G. and Kulkarni, A.P. (1982) Oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics during pregnancy: significance of microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 109, 1164–71.
Pearson, R.G. and Songstad, J. (1967) Applications of the principles of hard and soft acids and bases to organic chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89, 1827–36.
Poulsen, L.L., Hyslop, R.M. and Ziegler, D.M. (1979) S-oxygenation of N-substituted thioureas catalyzed by the liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 198, 78–98.
Poulsen, L.L., Taylor, K., Williams, D.E. et al. (1986) Substrate specificity of the rabbit lung flavin-containing monooxygenase for amines: oxidation products of primary alkylamines. Mol. Pharmacol., 30, 680–5.
Poulsen, L.L. and Ziegler, D.M. (1979) The liver microsomal FAD-containing monoxygenase: spectral characterization and kinetic studies. J. Biol. Chem., 254, 6449–55.
Ryerson, C.C., Ballou, D.P. and Walsh, C.Z. (1982) Mechanistic studies on cyclohexanone oxygenase. Biochemistry, 21, 2644–55.
Sabourin, P.J., Smyser, B.P. and Hodgson, E. (1984) Purification of the flavin-containing monooxygenase from mouse and pig liver microsomes. Int. J. Biochem., 16, 713–20.
Silverman, R.B. and Yamasaki, R.B. (1984) Mechanism-based inactivation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by N-(1-methylcyclopropyl) benzylamine. Biochemistry, 23, 1322–38.
Taylor, K.L. and Ziegler, D.M. (1987) Studies on substrate specificity of the hog liver flavin-containing monooxygenase: anionic organic sulfur compounds. Biochem. Pharmacol., 36, 141–6.
Tynes, R.E. and Philpot, R.M. (1987) Tissue- and species-dependent expression of multiple forms of mammalian microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase. Mol. Pharmacol., 31, 569–74.
Tynes, R.E., Sabourin, P.J. and Hodgson, E. (1985) Identification of distinct hepatic and pulmonary forms of microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase in the mouse and rabbit. Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun., 126, 1069–75.
Williams, D.E., Hale, S.E., Meurhoff, A.S. and Masters, B.S.S. (1984a) Rabbit lung flavin-containing monooxygenase: purification, characterization and induction during pregnancy. Mol. Pharmacol., 28, 381–90.
Williams, D.E., Ziegler, D.M., Nordin, D.J. et al. (1984b) Rabbit lung flavin-containing monooxygenase is immunochemically and catalytically distinct from the liver enzyme. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 125, 116–22.
Ziegler, D.M. (1980) Microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase: oxygenation of nucleophilic nitrogen and sulfur compounds in Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication, Vol. 1 (ed. W.B. Jakoby), Academic Press, New York, pp. 201–25.
Ziegler, D.M. (1985) Molecular basis for N-oxygenation of sec- and tert-amines, in Biological Oxidation of Nitrogen in Organic Molecules (eds J.W. Gorrod and L. A. Damani), Ellis Horwood, Chichester, pp. 43–52.
Ziegler, D.M. (1988a) Flavin-containing monooxygenases: catalytic mechanism and substrate specificities. Drug Metab. Rev., 19, 1–32.
Ziegler, D.M. (1988b) Functional groups activated via flavin-containing mono-oxygenases, in Microsomes and Drug Oxidations (eds J. Miners, D.J. Birkett, R. Drews and M. McManus), Taylor and Francis, London, New York and Philadelphia, pp. 297–304.
Ziegler, D.M. and Mitchell, C.H. (1972) Microsomal oxidase. IV. Properties of a mixed-function amine oxidase isolated from pig liver microsomes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 150, 116–25.
Ziegler, D.M., Poulsen, L.L. and Duffel, M.W. (1980) Kinetic studies on mechanism and substrate specificity of the microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase, in Microsomes, Drug Oxidations and Chemical Carcinogenesis (eds M.J. Coon, A.H. Conney, R.W. Estabrook, H.V. Gelboin, J.R. Gillette and P.J. O’Brien), Academic Press, New York, pp. 637–46
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ziegler, D.M. (1991). Mechanism, multiple forms and substrate specificities of flavin-containing mono-oxygenases. In: Hlavica, P., Damani, L.A. (eds) N-Oxidation of Drugs. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3112-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3112-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5378-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3112-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive