Abstract
Terpenoid substances in forest trees are versatile biochemical systems for use as genetic markers and for studying genetic regulation at the biochemical level. Univariate, multivariate and correlative data analyses from numerous studies on different coniferous species are presented. These data indicate that fitness values for most terpenes examined are probably so low as to be unmeasurable except in long evolutionary time spans. Variation patterns for monoterpenes often closely parallel racial differentiation for morphological traits and reflect the migratory history of species and species-complexes. Random drift and gene flow are likely the major influences on genetic organization of terpene variability. Mutation in regulatory genes may be responsible for quantitative variation within major gene systems for terpenes. The mono-, sesqui- and diterpene systems in conifers offer good opportunities for research on the nature of gene regulation in plants and its evolutionary significance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, R. P. 1977. Chemosystematics - analyses of populational differentiation and variability of ancestral and recent populations of Juniperous ashei. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 184–209.
Adams, R. P. and Hagerman, A. 1976. A comparison of the volatile oils of mature versus young leaves of Juniperus scopulorum: chemosystematic significance. Biochem. Systematics and Ecology 4: 75–79.
Adams, R. P., von Rudloff, E., Zanoni, T. A. and Hogge L. 1980. The terpenoids of an ancestral/advanced species pair of Juniperus. Biochem. Systematics and Ecology 8: 35–37.
Bernard-Dagan,C. 1987. Biosynthesis of lower terpenoids: genetic and physiological controls in woody plants, pp. 329–351. In: Hanover, J. W. and Keathley, D. (Eds) Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants. Plenum Press, New York.
Birks, J. S. and Kanowski, P. J. 1988. Interpretation of the composition of coniferous resin. Silvae Genetica 37: 29–39.
Bongarten, B. C. and Hanover, J. W. 1982. Hybridization among white, blue, and white x blue spruces. For.Sci. 28: 129–134.
Bridgen, M. R. and Hanover, J. W. 1982a. Genetic variation in oleoresin physiology of Scotch pine. For. Sci. 28: 582–589.
Bridgen, M. R. and Hanover, J. W.1982b. Indirect selection for pest resistance using terpenoid compounds, pp. 161–168. In: Heybroek, H. M., Stephan, B. R. and von Weissenberg, K. (Eds) Resistance to Diseases and Pests in Forest Trees. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (Pudoc), Wageningen, Netherlands.
Bridgen, M. R., Hanover, J. W. and Noecker, N. 1979a. Varietal identification of eight-year old Scotch pine by monoterpene analysis. Mich. Christmas Tree J. Feb. 1979: 33–34.
Bridgen, M. R., Hanover, J. W. and Wilkinson, R. C. 1979b. Oleoresin characteristics of eastern white pine seed sources and relationship to weevil resistance. For. Sci. 25: 175–183.
Brooks, J. E., Borden, J. H., Pierce, Jr., H. D. and Lister, G. R. 1987. Foliar and cortical monoterpenes in Sitka spruce: potential indicators of resistance to the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Can. J. For. Res. 17: 740–745.
Byers, J. A. 1983. Bark beetle conversion of a plant compound to a sex-specific inhibitor of pheromone attraction. Science 220: 624–626.
Cermak, J. 1987. Monoterpene hydrocarbon contents of the resin from seeds of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Trees 1: 94–101.
Coyne, J. F. and Keith, G. C. 1972. Geographic survey of monoterpenes in loblolly and shortleaf pines. USDA For. Serv. Res. Paper SO-79.12 pp.
Forde, M. B. and Blight, M. M. 1964. Geographical variation in the turpentine of Bishop pine. New Zealand J. Bot. 2: 44–52.
Forrest, G. I. 1980. Seasonal and spatial variation in cortical monoterpene composition of Sitka spruce oleoresin. Can. J. For. Res. 10: 452–457.
Forrest, G. I. 1987. A rangewide comparison of outlying and central lodgepole pine populations based on oleoresin monoterpene analysis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15: 19–30.
Hall, G. D. and Langenheim, J. H. 1987. Geographic variation in leaf monoterpenes of Sequoia sempervirens. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15: 31–43.
Hanover, J. W. 1966a. Genetics of terpenes. I. Gene control of monoterpene levels in Pinus monticola Doug. Heredity 21: 73–84.
Hanover, J. W. 1966b. Inheritance of 3-carene concentration in Pinus monticola. For. Sci. 12: 447–450.
Hanover, J. W. 1966c. Environmental variation in the monoterpenes of Pinus monticola Doug. Phytochem. 5: 713–717.
Hanover, J. W. 1971. Genetics of terpenes. II. Genetic variances and interrelationships of monoterpene concentrations in Pinus monticola. Heredity 27: 237–245.
Hanover, J. W. 1974. Biochemical analysis of tree speciation. Proc. Third North Amer. For. Biol. Workshop, Fort Collins, CO. pp. 106–131.
Hanover, J. W. 1975a. Physiology of tree resistance to insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 20: 75–95.
Hanover, J.W. 1975b.Comparativephysiologyof easternandwestern whitepines: oleoresin composition and viscosity. For. Sci. 22: 214–221.
Hanover, J. W. 1983. Biochemical methods for accelerating progress in tree improvement. Proc. 1 7thSouthern Forest Tree Improvement Conf. pp. 312–324.
Harris, L. H., Borden, J. H., Pierce, Jr., H. D. and Oehlschlager, A. C. 1983. Cortical resin monoterpenes in Sitka spruce and resistance to the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Can. J. For. Res. 13: 350–352.
Kinloch, B. B., Westfall, R. D. and Forrest, G. I. 1986. Caldonian Scots pine: origins and genetic structure. New Phytol. 104: 703–729.
Kossuth, S. V. and Muse, H. D. 1986. Cortical monoterpene variation among slash pine ramets by season, aspect, crown position, and bud vigor. For. Sci. 32: 605–613.
Langenheim, J. H., Stubblebine, W. H. and Foster, C. E. 1979. Effect of moisture stress on composition and yield in leaf resin of Hymenaea courbaril. Biochem. Systematics and Ecology 7: 21–28.
Michelozzi, M., Squillace, A. E. and White, T. L. 1990. Monoterpene composition and fusiform rust resistance in slash pine. For. Sci. 36: 470–475.
Mirov, N. T. 1948. The terpenes in relation to the biology of the genus Pinus. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 17: 521–540.
Mirov, N. T. 1961. Composition of gum turpentines of pines. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 1239. 158 pp.
Mirov, N. T. 1967. The genus Pinus. Ronald Press, NY. 602 pp.
Moore, P. P. 1980. Developmental variation in volatile oil of blue spruce. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. 138 pp.
Moore, P. P. and Hanover, J. W. 1987. Variation in yield of blue spruce monoterpenes associated with crown position and frequency of resin canals. Forest Science 33: 1081 –1088.
Muzika, R. M., Pregitzer, K. S. and Hanover, J. W. 1989. Changes in terpene production following nitrogen fertilization of grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.) seedlings. Oecologia 80: 485–489.
Paine, T. D., Blance, C. A., Nebeker, T. E. and Stephen, F. M. 1987. Composition of loblolly pine resin defenses: comparison of monoterpenes from induced lesion and sapwood resin. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 1202– 1206.
Raffa, K. F. and Berryman, A. A.1987. Interacting selective pressures in conifer-bark beetle systems: a basis for reciprocal adaptations? Amer. Nat. 129: 234–262.
Raffa, K. F., Berryman, A. A., Simasko, J., Teal, W. and Wong, B. L. 1985. Effects of grand fir monoterpenes on the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its symbiotic fungus. Environ. Entomol. 14: 552–556.
Reed, A. N. and Hanover, J. W. 1982. Genetic variation in cortical monoterpene compositionof Picea pungensEngelm.Proc.SeventhNorthAmer.For.Biol. Workshop, Lexington, KY. 332 pp. (Abstract).
Reed, A. N., Hanover, J. W. and Furniss, M. M. 1986. Douglas-fir and western larch: chemical and physical properties in relation to Douglas-fir bark beetle attack. Tree Physiology 1:277–287.
Rehfeldt, G. E. and von Rudloff, E.1978. Terpenes for indirect selection of growth potential in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. USDA For. Res. Note INT-244. 8 pp.
Roberts, D. R. 1970. Within-tree variation of monoterpene hydrocarbon composition of slash pine oleoresin. Phytochemistry 9: 809–815.
Rockwood, D. L. 1973. Monoterpene-fusiform rust relationships in loblolly pine. Phytopathology 63: 551–553.
Rottink, B. A. and Hanover, J. W. 1972. Identification of blue spruce cultivars by analysis of cortical oleoresin monoterpenes. Phytochemistry 11: 3255–3257.
Ruby, J. L. and Wright, J. W. 1976. A revised classification of geographic varieties in Scots pine. Silvae Genetica 25: 169–175.
Schaefer, P. R. and Hanover, J. W. 1986. Taxonomic implications of monoterpene compounds of blue and Engelmann spruces. For. Sci. 32: 725–734.
Schaefer, P. R. and Hanover, J. W. 1990. An investigation of sympatric populations of blue and Engelmann spruces in the Scotch Creek drainage, Colorado. Silvae Genetica 39: 72–81.
Schiller, G. and Grunwald, C. 1987. Cortex resin monoterpene composition in Pinus brutia provenances grown in Israel. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15: 389–394.
Smith, R. H., Peloquin, R. C. and Passof, P. C. 1969. Local and regional variation in the monoterpenes of Ponderosa pine wood oleoresin. USDA For. Serv. Res. Paper PSW-56. 10 pp.
Smith, R. M., Marty, R. A. and Peters, C. F. 1981. The diterpene acids in the bled resins of three Pacific Kauri, Agathis vitiensis, A. lanceolata and A. macrophylla. Phytochemistry 20: 2205–2207.
Snajberk, K. and Zavarin, E. 1976. Mono and sesqui-terpenoid differentiation of Pseudotsuga of the United States and Canada. Biochem. Systematics and Ecology 4: 159–163.
Snajberk, K. and Zavarin, E. 1986. Monoterpene differentiation in relation to the morphology of Pinus remota. Biochem. Systematics and Ecology 14: 155–163.
Squillace, A. E. 1971. Inheritance of monoterpene composition in cortical oleoresin of slash pine. For. Sci. 17: 381–387.
Squillace, A. E. 1976. Analyses of monoterpenes by gas-liquid chromatography, pp. 120–157. In: Miksche, J. P. (Ed) Modern Methods in Forest Genetics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Squillace, A. E. and Wells, O. O. 1981. Geographic variation of monoterpenes in cortical oleoresin of loblolly pine. Silvae Genetica 30: 127–135.
Steinhoff, R. J.1964. Taxonomy, nomenclature, and variation within the Pinus flexilis complex. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI. 81 pp.
Strauss, S. H. and Critchfield, W. B. 1982. Inheritance of β-pinene in xylem oleoresin of knobcone × Monterey pine hybrids. Forest Sci. 28: 687–696.
Tobolski, J. J. 1968. Variations in monoterpenes in Scotch pine. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. 125 pp.
Tobolski, J. J. and Hanover, J. W. 1971. Genetic variation in the monoterpenes of Scotch pine. For. Sci. 17: 293–299.
Townsend, A. M. and Hanover, J. W. 1972. Altitudinal variation in photosynthesis, growth and monoterpene composition of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) seedlings. Silvae Genetica 21: 133–139.
von Rudloff, E. 1967. Chemosystematic studies in the genus Picea (Pinaceae) II. The leaf oil of Picea glauca and P. mariana. Can. J. Bot. 45: 1703–1714.
von Rudloff, E. 1972. Seasonal variation in the composition of the volatile oil of the leaves, buds, and twigs of white spruce (Picea glauca). Can. J. Bot. 50: 1595–1603.
von Rudloff, E.1975a. Volatile leaf oil analysis in chemosystematic studies of North American conifers. Biochem. System. Ecol. 2: 131 – 167.
von Rudloff, E. 1975b. Seasonal variation of the terpenes of the leaves, buds, and twigs of blue spruce (Picea pungens). Can. J. Bot. 53: 2978–2982.
Whitney, R. D. and Denyer, W. B. G. 1969. Resin as a barrier to infection of white spruce by heartrotting fungi. For. Sci. 15: 266–267.
Wilkinson, R. C. 1985. Comparative white-pine weevil attack susceptibility and cortical monoterpene composition of western and eastern white pines. For. Sci. 31: 39–42.
Wilkinson, R. C. and Hanover, J. W. 1972. Geographical variation in the monoterpene composition of red spruce. Phytochem. 11: 2007–2010.
Wilkinson, R. C., Hanover, J. W., Wright, J. W. and Flake, R. H. 1971. Genetic variation in the monoterpene composition of white spruce. For. Sci. 17: 83–90.
Yazdani, R., Nilsson, J. E. and Ericsson, T. 1985. Geographical variation in the relative proportion of monoterpenes in cortical oleoresin of Pinus sylvestris in Sweden. Silvae Genetica 34: 201–208.
Zavarin, E. and Cobb, Jr., F. W. 1970. Oleoresin variability in Pinus ponderosa. Phytochemistry 9: 2509–2515.
Zavarin, E., Lawrence, L. and Thomas, M. C.1971. Compositional variations of leaf monoterpenes in Cupressus macrocorpa, C. Pygmaea, C. Goveniana, C. Abramsiana, and C. Sargentii. Phytochem. 10: 379–393.
Zavarin,E.andSnajberk,K. 1986.Monoterpenoiddifferentiationinrelation tothe morphology of Pinus discolor and Pinus johannis. Biochem. Syst. and Ecol. 14: 1 – 11.
Zavarin, E., Snajberk, K. and Fisher, J. 1975. Geographic variability of monoterpenes from cortex of Abies concolor. Biochem. Syst. and Ecol. 3: 191–203.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hanover, J.W. (1992). Applications of terpene analysis in forest genetics. In: Adams, W.T., Strauss, S.H., Copes, D.L., Griffin, A.R. (eds) Population Genetics of Forest Trees. Forestry Sciences, vol 42. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2815-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2815-5_9
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5251-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2815-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive