Abstract
A simple technique, based on several published studies, is presented to estimate photosynthetically available radiation (PAR: 400–700 nm) at the air/water and ice/water interfaces on freshwater lakes. Grand Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan of the Laurentian Great Lakes before, during, and after ice cover is used as a case study. The technique depends on assigning PAR transmittances to air/water or air/ ice surfaces from empirically determined relationships. During ice cover, PAR reaching the water column under the ice exceeded 45 % of incoming PAR, on the average, due to the amount of clear ice present on the bay.
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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Bolsenga, S.J., Vanderploeg, H.A. (1992). Estimating photosynthetically available radiation into open and ice-covered freshwater lakes from surface characteristics; a high transmittance case study. In: Ilmavirta, V., Jones, R.I. (eds) The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 79. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2745-5_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2745-5_9
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