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Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fruiting Structures of Cultivated Crops

  • Chapter
Photosynthesis: Photoreactions to Plant Productivity

Abstract

Yield in crop plants is built through the photosynthetic activity of leaves, stem and fruiting structures. However, the contribution of these structures varies in different crops and is influenced by factors such as moisture, nutrition, and genotype. In cereals, net photosynthesis in reproductive organs is relatively high and probably contributes as much as 50-75% of the photosynthates to developing grains. However, in legumes, the reproductive structures are generally incapable of net photosynthesis. In rapeseed, virtually 100% of the seed dry matter comes from photosynthetic CO2 assimilation of the pod. Studies on the activities of some key enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle and C4 metabolism, rates of 14CO2 fixation in light and dark, and initial products of photosynthetic 14CO2 fixation conducted with fruiting structures of various crops indicated that compared to activities of ribulose-l ,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPcase) and other photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle enzymes, the activities of phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase and other enzymes of C4 metabolism are generally much higher in fruiting structure than in the leaf. Short-term assimilation of 14CO2 by illuminated fruiting structures produces malate as the major labelled product with less labelling in 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), whereas the leaf shows major incorporation into 3-PGA indicating that the fruiting structures use PEP carboxylase mainly to recapture the respired or photorespired CO2, However, the pod-wall of Brassica seems to be an exception, and assimilates CO2 via the reactions of the PCR cycle. Based on the information reviewed here, a model depicting carbon assimilation in fruiting structures is proposed. Further, it is argued that fruit photosynthesis does not resemble any of the well-characterized categories of photosynthesis, namely, C3, C4 or crassulacean acid matabolism (CAM). It appears that fruit photosynthesis has an intermediate status between C3, non-autotrophic tissue and C CAM photosynthesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India

    Randhir Singh

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  1. Randhir Singh
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Yash Pal Abrol

  2. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Prasanna Mohanty

  3. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Govindjee

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Singh, R. (1993). Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fruiting Structures of Cultivated Crops. In: Abrol, Y.P., Mohanty, P., Govindjee (eds) Photosynthesis: Photoreactions to Plant Productivity. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2708-0_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2708-0_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5200-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2708-0

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