Abstract
The initial in vitro measurement of the mechanical properties of bone was by Wertheim (1847) and since then a variety of techniques and analytical procedures have been developed and applied. These techniques include non-destructive methods such as ultrasound, (Abenschein and Hyatt, 1970), holographic interferometry (Manley et al., 1987), photoelastic analysis (Milch, 1940), and the use of semiconductor (Bonfield et al., 1973) and resistance strain gauges (Bonfield and O’Connor, 1978) on whole bones or on specimens of bone in either destructive or non-destructive tests. While each of these methods are suitable in their own right the objective is to obtain a testing procedure that can fulfil the experimental requirements. The maintenance of the moisture state, temperature, applied stress, strain rate and the identification of the anisotropic properties control the strain measurement technique in bone in vitro. For example, in the case of ultrasound the testing frequency is considerably higher than the physiological loading rates. Any strain measuring device should be capable of accommodating the physiological requirements of bone and the effectiveness of the measuring system in terms of its sensitivity, capability and versatility is important for the accurate measurement of strain in bone.
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Dabestani, M. (1992). In vitro strain measurement in bone. In: Miles, A.W., Tanner, K.E. (eds) Strain Measurement in Biomechanics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2330-3_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2330-3_4
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