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Role of peptide hormones in fish osmoregulation

  • Chapter
Fish Ecophysiology

Part of the book series: Chapman & Hall Fish and Fisheries Series ((FIFI,volume 9))

Abstract

The blood of teleost fishes, which has an osmolality of some 300 mOsm kg-1, is separated by only a thin respiratory epithelium from environmental media, which have an osmolality range of a few to 1000 mOsm kg-1. Thus, an ability to osmoregulate is essential for their survival in either freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) environments. This problem is particularly severe for euryhaline, migratory fishes which experience both FW and SW in their life span. In order to osmoregulate, fishes have to adjust and balance the gain and loss of water and electrolytes, especially of Na+ and Cl-. As is the case for terrestrial vertebrates, water and Na+ are gained by drinking and feeding, and subsequent absorption by the intestine, and they are lost through the kidney as urine. Fishes additionally have the gill and urinary bladder as osmoregulatory organs, the former serving as another route for water and Na+ gain or loss, depending on the salinity of their environmental media. As far as Na+ and Cl- are concerned, the gill of teleost fishes can also act as an important osmoregulatory organ by actively absorbing or excreting the ions against the concentration gradient between blood and environmental media. Marine elasmobranchs accumulate urea and trimethylamine oxide in their plasma to maintain a blood osmolality slightly higher than that of SW. Thus elasmobranch osmoregulation is primarily by ionoregulation, which is the principal function of the rectal gland.

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Authors
  1. Yoshio Takei
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  1. Biologisk Institut, Odense Universitet, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark

    J. Cliff Rankin

  2. Institute of Biology, Odense University, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark

    Frank B. Jensen

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© 1993 Chapman & Hall

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Takei, Y. (1993). Role of peptide hormones in fish osmoregulation. In: Rankin, J.C., Jensen, F.B. (eds) Fish Ecophysiology. Chapman & Hall Fish and Fisheries Series, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2304-4_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2304-4_5

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