Abstract
Solids usually occur as polycrystalline aggregates. Although their macroscopic physical properties may then be averaged over a large number of randomly oriented microcrystals, nevertheless the local environment of almost every individual atom is totally ordered. Thus attempts to understand the physical properties of most solids begin from the model of a single crystal, with the atoms arranged on an infinite lattice. In contrast, a small number of materials occur in an amorphous state with the disordered structure of a glass. Such a structure is not thermodynamically stable and can be visualized as a supercooled liquid that is slowly relaxing back to its equilibrium crystalline state over a long period of time. It is only recently that significant advances have been made in our understanding of amorphous structures as the result, particularly, of low-temperature experiments. We shall review some of the current ideas in §2.6 and §3.5, but the main theme of chapters 2 and 3 refers to crystalline solids.
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Mc McClintock, P.V.E., Meredith, D.J., Wigmore, J.K. (1992). Phonons. In: Low-Temperature Physics: an introduction for scientists and engineers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2276-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2276-4_2
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