Abstract
The direction of the long distance transport of solutes in the xylem is governed by transpiration and so takes place from root to shoot. Transport in the reverse direction occurs in a specialised tissue known as phloem (from the Latin word for bark): together xylem and phloem make up the vascular tissue of the plant. The phloem is the means by which the products of photosynthesis are transported to non-photosynthetic parts of the plant, such as the roots, and to developing leaves, nectaries, fruits and seeds (Baker and Milburn, 1989). In contrast to the xylem, phloem is a tissue composed of living cells differentiated for the long distance transport of soluble organic compounds.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker, D.A. (1978) Transport Phenomena in Plants. Chapman and Hall, London.
Baker, D.A. and Milburn, J.A (1989) Transport of Photoassimilates. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex.
Behnke, H-D. (1989) Structure of the phloem. In: Transport of Photoassimilates (Baker, D.A. and Milburn, J.A. eds). Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex, pp. 79–137.
Canny, M.J. (1973) Phloem Translocation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Canny, M.J. (1984) Translocation of nutrients and hormones. In: Advanced Plant Physiology (Wilkins, M.J. ed.) Pitman, London, pp. 277–296.
Cronshaw, J. (1981) Phloem structure and function. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32, 465–484.
Delrot, S. (1989) Loading of photoassimilates. In: Transport of Photoassimilates (Baker, D.A. and Milburn, J.A. eds). Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex, pp. 167–206.
Fahn, A. (1990) Plant Anatomy. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Fukumorita, T. and Chino, M. (1982) Sugar, amino acid and inorganic contents in rich phloem sap. Plant Cell Physiol. 23, 273–283.
Giaquinta, R.T. (1983) Phloem loading of sucrose. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 34, 347–387.
Hall, S.M. and Baker, D.A. (1972) The chemical composition of Ricinus phloem exudate. Planta 106, 131–140.
Hayashi, H. and Chino, M. (1986) Collection of pure phloem sap from wheat and its chemical composition. Plant Cell Physiol. 26, 325–330.
Heyser, W. (1980) Phloem loading in the maize leaf. Ber. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 93, 221–228.
Humphreys, T.E. (1988) Phloem transport-with emphasis on loading and unloading. In: Solute Transport in Plant Cells and Tissues (Baker, D.A. and Hall, J.L. eds). Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex, pp. 305–345.
Jeschke, W.D., Atkins, C.A. and Pate, J.S. (1985) Ion circulation via phloem and xylem between root and shoot of nodulated white lupin. J. Plant Physiol. 117, 319–330.
Moorby, J. (1981) Transport Systems in Plants. Longman. London.
Munch, E. (1930) Die Stoffbewegungenin der Pflanze. Fischer, Jena.
Nobel, P.S. (1983) Biophysical Plant Physiology and Ecology. Freeman, San Fransisco.
Pate, J.S. (1989) Origin, destination and fate of phloem solutes in relation to organ and whole plant functioning. In: Transport of Photoassimilates (Baker, D.A. and Milburn, J.A. eds). Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex, pp. 138–166.
Patrick, J.W. (1990) Sieve element unloading: cellular pathway, mechanism and control. Physiol. Plant. 78, 298–308.
Reinhold, L. and Kaplan, A. (1984) Membrane transport of sugars and amino acids. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35, 45–83.
Van Bel, A.J.E. (1990) Xylem-phloem exchange via the rays: the undervalued route of transport. J. Exp. Bot. 41, 631–644.
Wright, J.P. and Fisher, D.B. (1981) Measurement of the sieve tube membrane potential. Plant Physiol. 67, 845–848.
Ziegler, H. (1975) Nature of transported substances, In: Transport in Plants: I Phloem Transport (Zimmerman, M.H. and Milburn, J.A., eds). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (New series) Volume 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 59–100.
Zimmerman, M.H. and Milburn, J.A. (1975) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (New series) Volume 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Flowers, T.J., Yeo, A.R. (1992). Transport in the Phloem. In: Solute Transport in Plants. Tertiary Level Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2270-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2270-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-216-93220-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2270-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive