Abstract
The importance of large-scale testing has increased steadily in American schools during the past fifteen years. Testing influences policies affecting individuals, teachers, schools, districts, states, and our nation as a whole. The proliferation of testing at the state and national levels prompted Gregory R. Anrig, president of the Educational Testing Service, to remark, “There is an old army saying, ‘If it moves, salute it.’ Today some educational reformers believe, ‘If it moves, test it.’” (Fiske, 1988, 16).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Airasian, P. W. and G. F. Madaus. (1983) Linking testing and instruction: Policy issues, Journal of Educational Measurement, 20, 103–18.
Armbruster, B. B. (1984) The problem of “inconsiderate text”. In G. G. Duffy, L. R. Roehler & J. Mason (eds.), Comprehension instruction, New York: Longman, 202–220.
Alexander, J. and R. Filler. (1976) Attitudes and reading. Newark: International Reading Association.
Anderson, R. C., Hiebert, E., Scott, J. A. and A. G. Wilkinson. (1985) Becoming a nation of readers: The report of the commission on reading. Washington, D.C.: The National Institute of Education.
Anderson, R. C., Reynolds, R. E., Schallert, D. L. and E. T. Goetz. (1977) Frameworks for comprehending discourse, American Educational Research Journal, 14, 367–381.
Anderson, R. C., Spiro, R. and W. E. Montague. (1977) Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Anderson, T. H. and B. B. Armbruster. (1984) Content area textbooks. In R. C. Anderson, J. Osborn & R. J. Tierney (eds.), Learning to read in American schools: Basal readers and content texts. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 193–226.
Asher, S. (1980) Topic interest and children’s reading comprehension. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce & W. F. Brewer (eds.) Theoretical issues in reading comprehension. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Aulls, M. W. (1975) Expository paragraph properties that influence literal recall, Journal of Reading Behavior, 7, 391–400.
Ausubel, D. P. (1963) The psychology of meaningful verbal learning. NY: Grune & Stratton.
Bartlett, F. C. (1932) Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baumann, J. F. (1986) Effect of rewritten content textbook passages on middle grade students’ comprehension of main ideas: Making the inconsiderate considerate, Journal of Reading Behavior, 28, 1–21.
Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., Omanson, R. C. and M. T. Pople. (1984) Improving the comprehensibility of stories: The effects of revisions that improve coherence, Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 263–277.
Berk, R. A. (1986) Minimum competency testing: Status and potential. In B. S. Plake and J. C. Witt (eds.) The future of testing. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 89–144.
Berkowitz, S. and B. Taylor. (1981) The effects of text type and familiarity on the nature of information recalled by readers. In M. L. Kamil (ed.), Directions in reading: Research and instruction (30th Yearbook of the National Reading Conference) Washington, D.C.: National Reading Conference, 157–161.
Bloom, B. S. (1968) Learning for mastery, Evaluation Comment, 1, 1–22.
Bransford, J. D. and M. K. Johnson. (1972) Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717–726.
Bridge, C. A., Belmore, S. M., Moskow, S. P., Cohen, S. S. and P. D. Matthews. (1984) Topicalization and memory for main ideas in prose, Journal of Reading Behavior, 16, 61–80.
Brooks, L. W. and D. F. Dansereau. (1983) Effects of structural schema training and organization on expository prose processing, Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 811–820.
Brown, A. L., Armbruster, B. B. and L. Baker. (1984) The role of meta cognition in reading and studying. In J. Oransanu (ed.) A decade of reading research: Implications for practice. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Buros, O. K. (1965) The sixth mental measurement yearbook. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Calfee, R. (1983) Establishing instructional validity for minimum competency programs. In G. F. Madaus (ed.), The courts, validity and minimum competency testing. Hingham: Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing.
Carroll, J. B. (1963) A model of school learning, Teachers College Record, 64, 723–733.
Chubb, J. E. (1988) Why the current wave of school reform will fail, The Public Interest, 90, 28–49.
Cohen, M. (1988) Designing state assessment systems, Phi Delta Kappan, 69, 583–588.
Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. G., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood. A. M., Weinfeld, F. D. and R. L. York. (1966) Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, D.C.: Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Curriculum Review Committee. (1986) New decisions about reading instruction. Grand Rapids: Michigan Reading Association.
Curriculum Review Committee. (1986) What research says to the classroom teacher about reading. Grand Rapids: Michigan Reading Association.
Curriculum Review Committee. (1987) Metacognition. Lansing, MI.
Curriculum Review Committee. (1988) Assessing reading comprehension. Lansing, MI.
Curriculum Review Committee. (1988) Assessing the instructional situation. Lansing, MI.
Curtis, M. E. and R. Glaser. (1983) Reading theory and the assessment of reading achievement, Journal of Educational Measurement, 20, 133–148.
Darling-Hammond, L. and A. Wise. (1983) Beyond standardization: State standards and school improvement, Elementary School Journal, 85, 315–36.
Davis, F. B. (1944) Fundamental factors of comprehension in reading, Psychometrika, 9, 185–197.
Doyle, D. P. and T. W. Haertle. (1985) Excellence in education: The states take charge. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institution.
Drum, P. A., Calfee, R. C. and L. K. Cook. (1981) The effects of surface structure variables on performance in reading comprehension tests, Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 486–514.
Dweck, C. S. and J. Bempechat. (1983) Children’s theories of intelligence: Consequences for learning. In S. G. Paris, G. M. Olson & H. S. Stevenson (eds.) Learning and motivation in the classroom. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Elliott, E. J. and R. Hall. (1985) Indicators of performance: Measuring the educators, Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 4, 6–9.
Farr, R. and R. F. Carey. (1986) Reading: What can be measured? (Second Edition) Newark: International Reading Association.
Fiske, E. B. (1988) America’s test mania. The New York Times, Section 12, 16–20.
Fladland, K. (1984) Making friends. Highlights for children. Columbus: Highlights for Children, Inc.
Frederiksen, C. H. (1975) Effects of context-induced processing operations on semantic information acquired from discourse, Cognitive Psychology, 7, 139–166.
Garner, R. and R. Reis. (1981) Monitoring and resolving comprehension obstacles: An investigation of spontaneous text lookbacks among upper-grade good and poor comprehenders, Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 569–582.
Gates, A. I. (1926) A series of tests for the measurement and diagnosis of reading ability in grades 3 to 8, Teacher College Record, 28, 1–23.
Glaser, R. (1981) The future of testing: A research agenda for cognitive psychology and psychometrics, American Psychologist, 36, 923–936.
Guthrie, J. T. and I. Kirsch. (1984) The emergent perspective on literacy, Phi Delta Kappa, 65, 351–355.
Haertel, E. (1985) Construct validity and criterion referenced testing, Review of Educational Research, 55, 23–46.
Haertel, E. (1988) Personal communication.
Haney, W. (1984) Testing reasoning and reasoning about testing. Review of Educational Research, 54, 597–654.
Haney, W. (1985) Making testing more educational. Educational Leadership, 55, 4–13.
Hansen, J. and Pearson, P. D. (1983) An instructional study Improving the inferential comprehension of fourth grade good and poor readers, Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 821–829.
Harter, S. (1981) A model of mastery motivation in children: Individual differences and developmental change. In W. A. Colliers (ed.), Aspects of the development of competence: The Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 14, pp. 215–255) Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1981) Illinois inventory of educational progress, reading results of the 1979 and 1980 IIEP. Springfield.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1983) Student achievement in Illinois: An analysis of student progress-1982. Springfield: Illinois State Board of Education.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1984) Student achievement in Illinois: An analysis of student progress-1983. Springfield.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1985) Student achievement in Illinois: An analysis of student progress-1984. Springfield.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1986) Student achievement in Illinois: An analysis of student progress in language arts-1985. Springfield.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1985) Excellence in the making. Springfield
Illinois Commission on the Improvement of Elementary and Secondary Education.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1983) Phase I mandate studies, final staff recommendations. Springfield.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1980) Illinois State Board of Education goals statement. Springfield.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1987) State goals for learning and sample learning objectives — Language arts. Springfield.
Johnston, P. H. (1984) Prior knowledge and reading comprehension test bias, Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 219–239.
Kearns, D. T. (1988) An educational recovery plan for America. Phi Delta Kappan, 69, 565–570.
Kearney, C. P., Crowson, R. L. and T. P. Wilbur. (1970) The Michigan educational assessment of education. Michigan Journal of Secondary Education, 11, 15–27.
Kearney, C. P. (1970) The politics of educational assessment in Michigan, Planning and Changing, 1, 71–82.
Kearney, C. P., Donovan, D. L. and T. H. Fisher. (1974) In defense of Michigan’s accountability program, Phi Delta Kappan, 56, 14–19.
Kerins, C. T. (1987) Personal communication.
Kintsch, W. and T. A. van Dijk. (1978) Toward a mode of discourse comprehension and production, Psychological Review, 85, 363–394.
Kintsch, W., Mandel, T. S. and E. Kozminsky. (1977) Summarizing scrambled stories, Memory & Cognition, 5, 547–552.
Kirsch, I. S. and A. Jungeblut. (1986) Literacy: Profiles of America’s young adults. Princeton: National Assessment of Educational Progress.
Langer, J. A. (1985) Levels of questioning: An alternative view, Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 586–602.
Lapointe, A. (1988) Reading results of the national assessment of educational progress: Results and implications. Presentation at the International Reading Association, Toronto, Canada.
Lerner, B. (1981) The minimum competence testing movement: Social, scientific, and legal implications, American Psychologist, 36, 1057–1066.
Leinwand, G. (1974) The pageneant of world history. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Ch. 19, 359–364.
Linn, R. L. (1986) Educational testing and assessment: Research needs and policy issues, American Psychologist, 41, 1153–1160.
Linn, R. L. (1987) A linear equating procedure for estimating a total test score from paired subtest scores. Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois (unpublished manuscript)
Lipson, M. Y. (1982) Learning new information from text: The role of prior knowledge and reading ability, Journal of Reading Behavior, 14, 243–262.
Lipson, M. Y. (1983) The influence of religious affiliation on children’s memory for text information, Reading Research Quarterly, 18, 448–457.
Lorch, R. F. and E. P. Lorch. (1985) Topic structure representation and text recall, Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 137–148.
Lorch, R. F., Lorch, E. P. and P. D. Mathews. (1985) On-line processing of the topic structure of a text, Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 350–362.
Madaus, G. F. (1985) Test scores as administrative mechanisms in educational policy, Phi Delta Kappan, 66, 611–617.
Mason, J. M. (1984) A schema-theoretic view of the reading process as a basis for comprehension instruction. In G. G. Duffy, L. R. Roehler & J. Mason (eds.), Comprehension instruction. New York: Longman, 26–38.
Messick, S. (1980) Constructs and their vicissitudes in educational and psychological measurement: Proceedings of a colloquium on theory and application in education and employment. Princeton: U.S. Office of Personnel Management and Educational Testing Service.
Meyer, B. J. F. and E. Rice. (1984) The structure of text. In P. D. Pearson, R. Barr, M. Kamil and P. Mosenthal (eds.), Handbook of reading research. New York: Longman, 319–352.
Michigan State Board of Education. (1984) Better education for Michigan citizens: A blueprint for action. Lansing.
Mosenthal, P. and T. Na. (1980) Quality of children’s recall under two classroom testing tasks: Towards a sociopsycholinguistic model of reading comprehension, Reading Research Quarterly, 15, 504–528.
Myers, M. and S. G. Paris. (1978) Children’s metacognitive knowledge about reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 680–690.
National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983) A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
National Governors’ Association. (1986) Time for results: The governors’ 1991 report on education. Washington, D.C.: National Governors’ Association.
New York Times. (1988) New Jersey takes over local district. May 12, 9.
Olson, M. W. (1985) Text type and reader ability: The effects of paraphrase and text-based inference questions, Journal of Reading Behavior, 17, 199–214.
Palincsar, A. S. and A. L. Brown. (1984) Reciprocal teaching of comprehension fostering and monitoring activities, Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117–175.
Paris, S. G., Cross, D. and M. Y. Lipson. (1984) Informed strategies forlearning: A program to improve children’s reading awareness and comprehension, Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1239–1252.
Pearson, P. D., Hansen, J. and C. Gordon. (1979) The effect of background knowledge on young children’s comprehension of explicit and implicit information, Journal of Reading Behavior, 11, 201–209.
Pearson, P. D. and D. Dunning. (1985) The impact of assessment on reading instruction, Illinois Reading Council Journal, 13, 19–28.
Pipho, C. (1978) Minimum competency testing in 1978: A look at state standards, Phi Delta Kappan, 59, 585–588.
Popham, W. J. (1981) The case for minimum competency testing, Phi Delta Kappan, 63, 89–91.
Popham, W. J. (1983) Task-teaching versus test-teaching, Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2, 10–11.
Porter, A. C. (1985) The role of testing in effective schools, American Education, January/February, 25–28.
Porter, J. W. (1976) The virtues of a state assessment program, Phi Delta Kappan, 57, 667–668.
Public Law 89–10, 89th Congress, H.R. 2362, April 11, 1965, Sec. 205 (a) (5)
Raphael, T. E. and Pearson, P. D. (1985) Increasing students’ awareness of source of information for answering questions, American Educational Research Journal, 22, 217–236.
Roeber, E. (1988) Personal communication.
Rumelhart, D. E. (1977) Understanding and summarizing brief stories. In D. LaBerge & S. J. Samuels (eds.) Basic processing in reading: Perception and comprehension. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 265–303.
Salganik, L. H. (1985) Why testing reforms are so popular and how they are changing education, Phi Delta Kappan, 66, 607–610.
Sanders, T. (1986) A state responds: The Illinois story. Paper presented to the National Commission on Excellence on Education. Salt Lake City.
Schwarz, M. N. K. and A. Flammer. (1981) Text structure and title effects on comprehension and recall, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 61–66.
Selden, R. (1988) Teacher assessment. Presentation, International Reading Association, Toronto, Canada.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: Freeman.
Smith, N. B. (1965) American reading instruction. Newark: International Reading Association.
Thurstone, L. L. (1946) Note on a reanalysis of Davis’ reading tests. Psychometrika, 11, 185–188.
Timar, T. B. and D. L. Kirp. (1987) Educational reform and institutional competence, Harvard Educational Review, 57, 308–330.
Traub, R. E. and G. L. Rowley. (1980) Reliability of test scores and decisions. Applied Psychological Measurement, 4, 517–545.
Tyler, R. W. (1965) Assessing the progress of education, Phi Delta Kappan, 47, 13–16.
Tyler, R. W. (1969) Introduction. Educational evaluation: New roles, new means, sixty-eighth yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part II. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tyler, R. W. (1970) National assessment: A history and sociology, School and Society, 98, 471–477.
Tyler, R. W. (1987) Educational reforms, Phi Delta Kappan, 69, 277–280.
Tyler, R. W. and R. M. Wolf. (eds.) (1974) Crucial issues in testing. Berkeley: McCutchan Publishing Company.
Valencia, S. and P. D. Pearson. (1987) Reading assessment: Time for change, The Reading Teacher, 40, 726–32.
Weiner, B. (1979) A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences, Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 3–25.
Whipple, G. M. (1925). Reading tests-Standardized and informal. In G. M. Whipple (Ed.), Report of the National Committee on Reading (Twenty-fourth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part I). Bloomington, IL: Public School Publishing.
Williams, J. P., Taylor, M. B., and S. Ganger. (1981). Text variations at the level of the individual sentence and the comprehension of simple expository paragraphs. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 851–865.
Williams, J. P., Taylor, M. B., and J. S. deCani. (1984). Constructing macro structure for expository text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1065–1075.
Wixson, Karen K. (1983). Postreading question-answer interactions and children’s learning from text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 413–423.
Wixson, Karen K. (1984). Level of importance of postquestions and children’s learning from text. American Educational Research Journal, 21, 419–434.
Wixson, Karen K. and Charles W. Peters (1984). Reading redefined: A Michigan Reading Association position paper. Michigan Reading Journal, 17, 4–7.
Wolf, Richard M. (1988). The NAEP and international comparisons. Phi Delta Kappan, 69, 580–582.
Womer, Frank B. (1970). What is national assessment. Ann Arbor, MI: National Assessment of Educational Progress.
Womer, Frank B. (1981). State-level testing: Where we have been may not tell us where we are going. New Directions for Testing and Measurement, 10, 1–12.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peters, C.W., Wixson, K.K., Valencia, S.W., Pearson, P.D. (1993). Changing Statewide Reading Assessment: A Case Study of Michigan and Illinois. In: Gifford, B.R. (eds) Policy Perspectives on Educational Testing. Evaluation in Education and Human Services, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2226-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2226-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4987-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2226-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive