Abstract
RMS is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children1. It comprises about two thirds of all soft tissue sarcomas in children and represents 5% of all paediatric malignancies2. Because of its origin within the soft tissues, almost any part of the body may be affected. The more common soft tissue sarcomas of adults (synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and irradiation-associated sarcomas) are diagnosed about one third as often as RMS in children3.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Soule E.H. Mahour G.H., Mills S.O., Lynn H.B. Soft tissue sarcomas of infants and children: a clinicopathological study of 135 cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1968;43:313–26.
IRAC. International incidence of childhood cancer. Lyon: IRAC Scientific Publications. No. 87;1988.
Pratt C.B. Some aspects of childhood cancer epidemiology. Pediatr Clin N Am. 1985;32:541–56.
Weichert K.A. Bove K.C., Aron B.S., Lampkin B. Rhabdomyosarcoma in children. A clinicopathological study of 35 patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976;66;692–701.
Bale P.M., Parsons R.E., Stevens M.M. Diagnosis and behaviour of juvenile rhabdomyosarcoma. Hum Pathol. 1983;14:596–611.
Enzinger F.M., Shiraki M. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. An analysis of 110 cases. Cancer. 1969;24:18–31.
Fitzmaurice R.J., Johnson P.R.E., Liu Yin J.A. Freemont A.J. Rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as ‘acute leukaemia’. Histopathology. 1991;18:173–5.
Maurer H.M. The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (NIH): objectives and clinical staging classifications. J Pediatr Surg. 1975;10:977–8.
Horn R.C., Enterline H.T. Rhabdomyosarcoma: a clinicopathological study and classification of 39 cases. Cancer. 1958;11:181–99.
Shimada H, Newton W.A., Soule E.H., Beltangady M.S., Maurer H.M. Pathology of fatal rhabdomyosarcoma. Report from Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS-I and IRS-II). Cancer. 1987;59:459–65.
Bale P.M., Reye R.D.K., Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. Pathology. 1975;7:101–11.
Gonzales-Crussi F, Black-Shaffer S. Rhabdomyosarcoma of infancy and childhood. Am J Surg Pathol. 1979;3:157–71.
Canale V.C., Volpe R, Carbone A. Grigoletto E. Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx. J Laryngol Otol. 1983;97:553–6.
Wang-Wuu S, Soukup S, Ballard E, Gotwals B, Lampkin B, Chromosomal analysis of sixteen human rhabdomyosarcomas. Cancer Res. 1988;48:983–7.
Hays O.M., Newton W.J., Soule E.H. et al. Mortality among children with rhabdomyosarcoma of the alveolar histologic subtype. J Pediatr Surg. 1983;18:412–17.
Gaiger A.M., Soule E.H., Newton W.A. Pathology of rhabdomyosarcoma: experience of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, 1972-78. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1981;56:19–27.
Enterline H.G., Horn R.C. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a distinctive tumour type. Cancer. 1958;29:356–66.
Tsokos M, Webber B.L., Parham D.M. et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma. A new classification scheme related to prognosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1992;116:847–55.
Ruymann F.B., Newton W.A. Ragab A.H., Donaldson M.H., Foulkes M. Bone marrow metastases at diagnosis in children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Cancer. 1984;53:368–73.
Etcubanas E, Peiper S, Stass S, Green A. Rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as disseminated malignancy from an unknown primary site: a retrospective study of ten pediatric cases. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1989;17:39–44.
Dehner L.P. Soft tissue sarcomas of childhood: the differential diagnostic dilemma of the small blue cell. Natl Cancer Monogr. 1981;56:43–59
Patton R.B., Horn R.C. Jr. Rhabdomyosarcoma: clinical and pathological features and comparison with human fetal and embryonic skeletal muscle. Surgery. 1962;52:572–84.
Turc-Carel C, Lizard-Nacol S, Justrabo E, Favrot M, Philip T, Tabone E. Consistent chromosomal translocation in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1986;19:361–2.
Rowe D, Gerrard M, Gibbons B, Malpas J.S. Two further cases of t(2;13) in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma indicating a review of the published chromosome breakpoints. Br J Cancer. 1987;56:379–80.
Dehner L.P. Soft tissue, peritoneum, and retroperitoneum. In: Dehner L.P., editor. Pediatric surgical pathology, 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1987:870.
Kodet R, Newton W.A. Hamoudi A.B., Asmar L. Rhabdomyosarcomas with intermediate-filament inclusions and features of rhabdoid tumors. Light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:257–67.
Molenaar W.M., Oosterhuis J.W., Kamps W.A. Cytologic ‘differentiation’ in childhood rhabdomyosarcomas following polychemotherapy. Hum Pathol. 1984;15:973–9.
Dickman P.S., Triche T.J. Extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma versus primitive rhabdomyosarcoma: diagnostic criteria and clinical correlation. Hum Pathol. 1986;17:881–93.
Shimada H, Newton W.A. Soule E.H., Qualman S.J., Aoyama C, Maurer H.M. Pathologic features of extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Hum Pathol. 1988;19:442–53.
Dito W.R., Batsakis J.G. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. Arch Surg. 1962;84:582–8.
Porterfield J.F., Zimmerman L.E. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. A clinicopathologic study of 55 cases. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat. 1962;335:329–44.
Maurer H.M., Beltangady M, Gehan E.A. et al. The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-1. A final report. Cancer. 1988;61:209–20.
Davis G.L., Kissale J.M., Ishak K.G. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides) of the biliary tree. Cancer. 1969;24:333–42.
Loughlin K.R., Retik A.B., Weinstein H.J. et al. Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Cancer. 1989;63:1600–6.
Beverley Raney R, Tefft M, Lawrence W et al. Paratesticular sarcoma in childhood and adolescence. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II, 1973-1983. Cancer. 1987;60:2337–43.
Raney R.B., Crist W, Hays D et al. Soft tissue sarcoma of the perineal region in childhood. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II, 1972 through 1984. Cancer. 1990;65:2787–92.
Soule E.H., Geitz M, Henderson E.D. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the limbs and limb-girdles. A clinicopathologic study of 61 cases. Cancer. 1969;23:1336–46.
Crist W.M., Raney R.B., Tefft M et al. Soft tissue sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneal space in children. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) Committee. Cancer. 1985;56:2125–32.
Raney R.B., Ragab A.H., Ruymann F.B. et al. Soft-tissue sarcoma of the trunk in childhood. Results of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Cancer. 1982;49:2612–16.
Weeks D.A. Beckwith J.B., Mierau G.W., Zuppan C.W. Renal neoplasms mimicking rhabdoid tumor of kidney. A report from the National Wilms' Tumor Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:1042–54.
Variend S. Small cell tumours of childhood. A review. J Pathol. 1985;145;1–25.
Parham D.M., Webber B, Holt H, Williams W.K., Maurer H. Immunohistochemical study of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas and related neoplasms. Results of an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Project. Cancer. 1991;67:3072–80.
Miettinen M, Lehto V.P., Badley R.A. Virtanen I. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: demonstration of the muscle type of intermediate filament protein, desmin, as a diagnostic aid. Am J Pathol. 1982;108:246–51.
Altmannsberger M, Osborn M, Treuner J et al. Diagnosis of human childhood rhabdomyosarcoma by antibodies to desmin, the structural protein of muscle-specific intermediate filaments. Virchows Arch (Cell Pathol). 1982;39:203–15.
Tsokos M, Kouraklis G, Chandra R.S., Bhagavan B.S., Triche T.J. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney and soft tissues. Evidence for a diverse morphological and immunocytochemical phenotype. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1989;113:115–20.
Leader M, Patel J, Collins M, Henry K. Myoglobin: an evaluation of its role as a marker of rhabdomyosarcoma. Br J Cancer. 1989;59:106–9.
Eusebi V, Bondi A. Rosai J. Immunohistochemical localisation of myoglobin in non-muscular cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8:51–5.
Coindre J.M., De Mascarel A. Trojani M, De Mascarel I. Pages A. Immunohistochemical study of rhabdomyosarcoma: unexpected staining with S-100 protein and cytokeratin. J Pathol. 1988;155:127–32.
Miettinen M, Rapola J. Immunohistochemical spectrum of rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma-like tumors: expression of cytokeratin and the 68-kD neurofilament protein. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:120–32.
Carter R.L., McCarthy K.P., Machin L.G., Jameson C.F., Philp E.R., Pinkerton C.R. Expression of desmin and myoglobin in rhabdomyosarcoma and in developing skeletal muscle. Histopathology. 1989;15:585–95.
Morales A.R., Fine G, Horn R.C. Rhabdomyosarcoma; an ultrastructural appraisal. Pathol Annu. 1972;7:81–106.
Churg A. Ringus J. Ultrastructural observations on the histogenesis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer. 1978;41:1355–61.
Mierau G.W., Favara B.E. Rhabdomyosarcoma in children: ultrastructural study of 31 cases. Cancer. 1980;46:2035–40.
LaValle Bundtzen J, Norback D.H. The ultrastructure of poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma. Hum Pathol. 1982;13:301–13.
Ghadially F.N. Diagnostic electron microscopy of tumours. London: Butterworths; 1980:123.
Garvin A.J., Stanley W.S., Bennett D.D., Sullivan J.L., Sens D.A. The in vitro growth, heterotransplantation, and differentiation of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Am J Pathol. 1986;125:208–17.
Dehner L.P., Enzinger F.M., Font R.L. Fetal rhabdomyoma: an analysis of nine cases. Cancer. 1972;30:160–6.
Simha M, Doctor V, Dalal S, Manghani D.K., Dastur D.K. Postauricular fetal rhabdomyoma. Light and electron microscopic study. Hum Pathol. 1982;13:673–7.
Albores-Saavedra J, Manivel J.C., Essenfeld H et al. Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations in the urinary bladder of children. Cancer. 1990;66:1234–41.
Norris H.J., Taylor H.B. Polyps of the vagina. A benign lesion resembling sarcoma botryoides. Cancer. 1966;19:227–32.
Mills A.E. Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma of skin. Am J Dermatopathol. 1989;11:58–63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 S. Variend
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Variend, S. (1993). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In: Paediatric Neoplasia. Current Histopathology, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2224-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2224-5_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4986-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2224-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive