Abstract
Many different approaches have been taken to combat fouling and concentration polarisation. These involve either modifying the hydrodynamics above the membrane surface, the properties of the membrane surface itself or the electrical forces acting between the solute and the membrane surface. This chapter reviews the first two methods and shows how they are used in practice. The first section considers the effects that hydrodynamic factors have on the performance of membrane filtration systems.
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Nyström, M., Howell, J.A. (1993). Flux Enhancement. In: Howell, J.A., Sanchez, V., Field, R.W. (eds) Membranes in Bioprocessing: Theory and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2156-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2156-9_7
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