Skip to main content

Geophysical exploration for gold

  • Chapter
Gold Metallogeny and Exploration

Abstract

The world-wide interest in gold that has characterized mineral exploration in the 1980s has had a profound effect on the focus and style of geophysical prospecting. In the 1950s and 1960s, direct detection methods (chiefly airborne and ground electromagnetics (EM)) were applied widely in the search for massive sulphide-hosted base-metal deposits (Paterson, 1967). At the same time, induced-polarization (IP) methods were developed for the direct detection of porphyry coppers and other disseminated sulphide ores (Hallof, 1967). In the 1970s, refinements were made to extend the search by electrical methods under deeply weathered rocks (Sumner, 1977; Ward 1977; Hallof, 1980). In all of this direct search for sulphides, there also lay the possibility of finding gold. Hannington et al. (this volume) estimate that about 5% of massive sulphide deposits world wide contain mineable gold, and some of the richest gold deposits have been found while exploring for base metals (e.g. Crone, 1984; Dowsett and Krause, 1984)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Batterham, P.M. and Bullock, S.M. (1983) Tanzania: integrated interpretation of aeromagnetic and radiometric maps for mineral exploration. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. (Sec. B: Appl. Earth Sci.) 92, 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, A. (1977) Airborne electromagnetic methods. In Geophysics and Geochemistry in the Search for Metallic Ores, ed. Hood, P.J. Proc. of Exploration ’77. Geol. Surv. of Can., Econ. Geol. Rep. 31, 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, H.J. (1980). The Belmoral Story. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Prospectors and Developers Association, Toronto, Ont., 11 Mar., 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowker, A.M. and Hill, I.A. (1987) Geophysical study of Kerry Road orebody, Gairloch. Trans. Instn. Min. Metall. (Sect. B: Appl. Earth Sci.), 96, B213–B220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, D. (1984) Aeromagnetic surveys and gold. In Geophysical Exploration for Precambrian Gold Deposits, ed. Doyle, H.A. Dept. Geol. & Extension Service, Univ. of W. Australia, Pub. 10, 81–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, R.H., Clark, W.B. and Chase, B.W. (1980) A geophysical approach to locating Tertiary gold channels Calif. Geol. 33, 173–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coggan, J.H. (1984) Geophysics as an aid to gold exploration in the Yilgarn Block. In Geophysical Exploration for Precambrian Gold Deposits, ed. Doyle, H.A. Dept. Geol. & Extension Service, Univ. of W. Australia, Pub. 10, 113–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corner, B. and Wilsher, W.A. (1989) Structure of the Witwatersrand Basin derived from interpretation of aeromagnetic and gravity data. In Proc. of Exploration ’87, ed. Garland, G.D. Ontario Geol. Surv., Spec. Vol. 3, 532–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crone, J.D. (1984) Amoco’s Detour Gold Discovery, Detour Lake area, N.E. Ontario. (Abstract) Can. Inst. Min. Metall., Geophysics for Gold Symposium, Abstracts, Vol., p.47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling, R., Vu, L., Dussalt, C., Waitzenegger, B. and Popov, V. (1986) Geology of the Ferderber gold deposit, Val d’Or. Can. Min. J., August, 25–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darnley, A.G. and Ford, K.L. (1989) Regional Airborne Gamma-Ray Surveys: A Review. In Proc. of Exploration ’87, ed. Garland, G.D. Ontario Geol. Surv., Special Vol. 3, 229–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J.L., Annan, A.P. and Vaughan, C.J. (1987) Placer exploration using radar and seismic methods. Can. Inst. Min. Bull. 80, 67–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Despointes, T.H. (1984) La decouverte du gite de Rouez. Can. Inst. Min. Metall., Geophysics for Gold Symposium, Abstracts, 79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowsett, J.S. and Krause, B.R. (1984) Geophysics of the Casa Berardi area. Can. Inst. Min. Metall., Geophysics for Gold Symposium, Abstracts, 50–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, H.A. (1986). Geophysical exploration for gold - A review. Explor. Geophys. 17, 169–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, M.A. and Strangway, D.W. (1975) Audio-frequency magnetotellurics with a grounded electric dipole source. Geophys. 40, 669–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, F.S., Reeves, C.V., Misener, D.J. and Angoran Y. (1980) An airborne magnetometer and gamma-ray spectrometer survey of Ivory Coast, West Africa. EOS 61, 416. Paper presented to the Amer. Geophys. Union, Spring Meeting, Toronto, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallof, P.G. (1967) The use of induced polarization measurements to locate massive sulphide mineralization in environments in which EM methods fail. In Mining and Groundwater Geophysics/1967. Geol. Surv. of Can., Econ. Geol. Rep. No. 26, 302–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallof, P.G. (1980) Grounded electrical methods in geophysical exploration. In Practical Geophysics for the Exploration Geologist, ed. van Blaricom R. Northwest Mining Assoc., Spokane, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, P.J., Holroyd, M.T. and McGrath, P.H. (1977) Magnetic methods applied to base metal exploration. In Geophysics and Geochemistry in the Search for Metallic Ores, ed. Hood, P.J. Proc. of Exploration ’77. Geol. Surv. of Can., Econ. Geol. Rep. 31, 77–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, P.J., McGrath, P.H. and Teskey, D.J. (1985) Evolution of Geological Survey of Canada magnetic-anomaly maps. In The Utility of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps, ed. Hinze W.J. Soc. Expl. Geoph., Tulsa, 62–68.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J.A., Pullan, S.E., Bums, R.A., Gagné, R.M. and Good, R.L. (1984) Shallow seismic reflection mapping of the overburden-bedrock interface with the engineering seismograph - some simple techniques. Geophys. 49, 1381–1385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, I.M. and Fujita, M. (1985) The Hishikari gold deposit: an airborne EM discovery. Can. Inst. Min. Metall. Bull. 78, 61–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, S.F. (1957a) Spontaneous polarization, or self-potential method. In Methods and Case Histories in Mining Geophysics, ed. de Wet, J.P. Sixth Commonwealth. Min. Metall. Cong., Mercury Press, Montreal, 53–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, S.F. (1957b). Resistivity and magnetic surveys in 1936 in the Broulan-Porcupine gold prospect, South Porcupine, Ontario. In Methods and Case Histories in Mining Geophysics, ed. de Wet, J.P. Sixth Commonwealth. Min. Metall. Cong., Mercury Press, Montreal, 283–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinkopf, M.D., Peterson, D.L. and Gott, G. (1970) Geophysical studies of the Cripple Greek Mining District, Colorado. Geophys. 35, 490–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koulomzine, T. and Brossard L. (1957) Magnetometer surveys in the area of the Bourlamaque batholith and its satellites. In Methods and Case Histories in Mining Geophysics, ed. de Wet, J.P. Sixth Commonwealth. Min. Metall. Cong., Mercury Press, Montreal, 176–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindeman, F.W. (1984) Geophysical case history of Water Tank Hill-Mt. Magnet, W.A. In Geophysical Exploration for Precambrian Gold Deposits, ed. Doyle, H.A. Dept. Geol. & Extension Service, Univ. of W. Australia, Pub. 10, 97–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meixner, H.M. and Peart, R.J. (1984) The Kalahari drilling project. Geol. Surv. Botswana, Bull. 27. 224pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, A.H.G. and Garson, M.S. (1981) Mineral Deposits and Global Tectonic Settings. Geology Series, Academic Press, London. 405pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palacky, G.J. (1988) Resistivity characteristics of geologic targets: Electromagnetic methods. In Applied Geophysics, 1 ed. Nabighian, M.N. Soc. of Explor. Geophys., Tulsa, 29–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palacky, G.J. (1988) Resistivity characteristics of geological targets: Electromagnetic methods. In Applied Geophysics, ed. Nabighian, M.N. Soc. Expl. Geoph., Tulsa, 29–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palacky, G.J. (1989). Advances in geological mapping with airborne electromagnetic systems. In Proc. Exploration ’87, ed. Garland, G.D. Ontario Geol. Surv., Spec. Vol. 3, 137–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, N.R. (1962). Geological mapping by magnetometer surveys. Proc. Benedum Earth Magnetism Symp. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 139–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, N.R. (1967). Exploration for massive sulphides in the Canadian Shield. In Mining and Groundwater Geophysics/1967. Geol. Surv. of Can., Econ. Geol. Rep. No. 26, 275–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, N.R. (1983) Exploration geophysics: airborne. In AGID Guide to Mineral Resources Development, eds. Woakes M. and Carman, J. Report Series 10, Assoc. of Geoscientists for Int. Dev., Bangkok, Thailand, 121–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, N.R. and Reeves, C.V. (1985) Applications of gravity and magnetic surveys: The state of the art in 1985. Geophys. 50, 2558–2594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, N.R., Reeves, C.V. and Reford, M.S. (1979) The reconnaissance aeromagnetic survey of Botswana — I: Some novel techniques of survey execution. Botswana Geol. Surv., Bull. 22, 31–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, N.R. and Ronka, V. (1971) Five years of surveying with the VLF EM method. Geoexploration 9, 7–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podolsky, G. (1986) Eye in the sky. Northern Miner Mag. 1(2). Northern Miner Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretorius, C.C., Jamison, A.A. and Irons, C. (1989) Seismic exploration in the Witwatersrand Basin, Republic of South Africa. In Proc. of Exploration ’87, ed. Garland, G.D. Ontario Geol. Surv., Special Vol. 3, 241–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, L.E. (1989) Geophysics in gold exploration. In Proc. of Exploration ’87, ed. Garland, G.D. Ontario Geol. Surv., Spec. Vol. 3, 473–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, C.V. (1985) The Kalahari Desert, central southern Africa: a case history of regional gravity and magnetic exploration. In The Utility of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps, ed. Hinze, W.J. Soc. Expl. Geoph., Tulsa, 144–153.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, C.V. (1989) Geophysical mapping of Precambrian granite—greenstone terranes as an aid to exploration. In Proc. of Exploration ’87, ed. Garland, G.D. Ontario, Geol. Surv., Special Vol. 3, 254–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, C.V. and Hutchins, D.G. (1982) A progress report on the geophysical exploration of the Kalahari in Botswana. Geoexploration 20, 209–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reford, M.S. (1980) Magnetic method. Geophys. 45, 1640–1658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E.S., Poland, P.V., Glover, L. and Speer, J.A. (1985). Some effects of regional metamorphism and geological structure on magnetic anomalies over the Carolina Slate belt near Roxboro, North Carolina. In The Utility of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps, ed. Hinze, W.J. Soc. Explor. Geophys., Tulsa, 320–324.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, E.J., and Wright, N. (1987). Buried placers in Chaudière River sediments indicated by ground magnetometer survey, Eastern Townships, Quebec. In Current Research, Part A. Geol. Surv. of Can., Paper 87–1A, 423–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staltari, G. (1985). The use of IP in mapping alteration and related Au—Ag mineralization in the Drake Mineral Field, NSW. Explor. Geophys. 16, 279–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sumner, J.S. (1977) The induced-polarization exploration method. In Geophysics and Geochemistry in the Search for Metallic Ores, ed. Hood, P.J. Proc. of Exploration ’77. Geol. Surv. of Can., Econ. Geol. Rep. 31, 123–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenison-Woods, K. and Webster, S.S. (1985) Geophysical signature of gold and porphyry copper mineral deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt, NSW. Explor. Geophys. 16, 279–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, S.H. (1977) Ground electromagnetic methods and base metals. In Geophysics and Geochemistry in the Search for Metallic Ores, ed. Hood, P.J. Proc. of Exploration ’77. Geol. Surv. of Can., Econ. Geol. Rep. 31, 45–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteway, P. (1985) Entrepreneurs exploit market niche. The Northern Miner, 7 March 1985, B18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wotruba, P.R., Benson, R.G. and Schmidt, K.W. (1988) Geology of the fortitude gold-silver skarn deposit, Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada. In Bulk Mineable Precious Metal Deposits of the Western United States. Geol. Surv. of Nevada, Reno, 159–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, J.C. and Luce, R.W. (1984) Geophysical methods as mapping tools in a strata-bound gold deposit: Haile Mine, South Carolina Slate Belt. Econ. Geol. 79, 382–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Paterson, N.R., Hallof, P.G. (1993). Geophysical exploration for gold. In: Foster, R.P. (eds) Gold Metallogeny and Exploration. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2128-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2128-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-56960-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2128-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics