Abstract
Acoustic reverberation data from SUS explosions collected during the CEAREX 89 Arctic experiment are analyzed to estimate both under-ice and bottom backscattering strengths at very low frequencies (below 50 Hz). Short range direct-path returns are analyzed to measure the backward scattering strengths of the under-ice surface for scattering angles between 2.5° and 40° grazing and frequencies between 24 Hz and 105 Hz. Medium range (5–20 km) ice and bottom reverberation returns received on a 1200-m vertical array are separated using the time-arrival angle relationship to measure ice and bottom backscattering strengths at 23 Hz for grazing angles of 15°–60°. Long range reverberation is modeled by combining a normal-mode based scattering description with grazing angle dependent scattering functions based on small-ka (low frequency) approximations. Reverberation data at 23 Hz are successfully modeled for four cases of different bottom bathymetry and source depth.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Milne, A. R. (1964) “Underwater backscattering strengths of Arctic pack ice,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36 (8), 1551–1556.
Dyer, I., Baggeroer, A. B., Zittel, J. D. and Williams, R. J. (1982) “Acoustic Backscattering from the basin and margins of the Arctic ocean,” J. Geoph. Res., 87, 9477–9488.
Ingenito, F. (1987) “Scattering from an object in a stratified medium,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 2051–2059.
Bowman, J.J., Senior, T. B. A. and Uslenghi, P. L. E. (eds), (1987), “Electromagnetic and Acoustic Scattering by Simple Shapes”, Hemisphere Publishing Co., New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yang, T.C., Hayward, T.J. (1993). Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of Ice and Bottom Backscattering and Reverberation in the Arctic Ocean. In: Ellis, D.D., Preston, J.R., Urban, H.G. (eds) Ocean Reverberation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2078-4_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2078-4_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4922-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2078-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive