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Indices of Association Between Species and Species Diversity

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Mosquito Ecology

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Abstract

Laboratory experiments have usually shown that when two closely related species are cultured together within the same environment one survives at the expense of the other (Gause, 1934; Harper, 1961; Park, 1962). This has led to the hypothesis of the ‘competitive exclusion principle’, which states that two species cannot co-exist indefinitely on the same limiting resources (Hardin, 1960). Ayala (1969, 1971), however, demonstrated that two species of Drosophila can co-exist in the laboratory under limited resources, and therefore rejected the competitive exclusion principle. This led to arguments on the validity of the experiments (Ayala, 1970; Gause, 1970). It was finally shown that because in Drosophila there was a decrease in recruitment (births) associated with increased crowding, the classical Lotka-Volterra growth equations did not apply to the Drosophila system (Gilpin & Justice, 1972). Consequently, it was not possible to infer anything about competition between the two species in these experiments. An interesting reappraisal and reinterpretation of Gause’s population experi­ments with Paramecium species has been achieved with computer simulation (Goudriaan & de Wit, 1973). Although the concept of competitive exclusion can be described as the cornerstone of ecology there are very real problems in estab­lishing the principle. This is because when two species coexist it is often difficult to establish that there is niche differentiation, and moreover impossible to prove there is not. Begon et al. (1986) give a good generalised account of competitive exclusion, coexistence, niche overlap and niche differentiation.

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  1. Vector Biology and Control, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

    M. W. Service

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© 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd

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Service, M.W. (1993). Indices of Association Between Species and Species Diversity. In: Mosquito Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-85166-798-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1868-2

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