Abstract
The application of infrared spectroscopy for the study of surface acidity requires suitable probe molecules. A classification of such probe molecules is given and their suitablility for discrimination between protonic (Bronsted) and non-protonic (Lewis) acidity, and for the determination of surface acidity in terms of acid strength and site density is discussed. Selected examples are described with special emphasis being payed to acidic properties of simple binary oxides, supported oxides and zeolites.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gates B. C., Katzer J. R. and Schuit G. C. A. (1979) “Chemistry of Catalytic Processes”, Mc Graw, New York.
Thomas C. L. (1970) “Catalytic Processes and Proven Catalysts”, Academic Press, New York and London.
Benesi H. A. and Winquist B. H. C. (1978) Adv. Catal. 27: 98.
Forni L. (1974) Catal Rev. 8: 65.
Tanabe K. (1970) “Solid Acids and Bases”, Kodansha, Tokyo, and Academic Press, New York and London.
Tanabe K. (1981), in: “Catalysis-Science and Technology”, J. R. Anderson and M. Boudard, eds., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, Vol. 2, p. 231.
Malinowski S. and Marczewski M. (1989) in: “Catalysis”, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, Vol. 8, p. 107.
Tanabe K., Hattori H., Yamaguchi T. and Tanaka T., eds. (1989), “Acid-Base Catalysis”, Kodansha, Tokyo, and Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
Knözinger H. (1976) Adv. Catal. 25:184.
Zecchina A., Garrone E. and Guglielminotti E. (1983) in: “Catalysis”, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, Vol. 6, p. 90.
Boehm H.-P. and Knözinger H. (1983) in: “Catalysis-Science and Technology”, J. R. Anderson and M. Boudart, eds., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, Vol. 4, p. 39.
Paukshtis E. A. and Yurchenko E. N. (1983) Russ. Chem. Rev. 52:42.
Peri J. B. (1984) in: “Catalysis-Science and Technology”, J. R. Anderson and M. Boudart, eds., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, Vol. 5, p. 171.
Kung M. C. and Kung H. H. (1985) Catal. Rev. 27:425.
Pearson R. G. (1963) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 85:3533. and (1967) Chem. Brit. 3:103.
Burwell, Jr., R. L. (1973) in: “Catalysis-Progress in Research”, F. Basolo and R. L. Burwell, Jr., eds., Plenum, New York, p. 51.
Burwell, Jr., R. L., Read J. F., Taylor K. C. and Haller G. L. (1969) Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt am Main) 64:18.
Benesi H. A. (1973) J. Catal. 28:176.
Jacobs P. A. and Heylen C. F. (1974) J. Catal. 34:267.
Knözinger H. and Stolz H. (1971) Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 75:1055.
Peri J. B. (1965) J. Phys. Chem. 69:211.
Primet M., Pichat P. and Mathieu M.V. (1971) J. Phys. Chem. 75:1221.
Morimoto T., Imai J. and Nagao M. (1974) J. Phys. Chem. 78:704.
Healy M. H., Wieserman L. F., Arnett E. M. and Wefers K. (1989) Langmuir 5:114.
Tanaka M. and Ogasawara S. (1972) J. Catal. 25:111.
Koubek J., Volf J. and Pasek J. (1975) J. Catal. 38:385.
Medema J., van Bokhoven J. G. M. and Kuiper A. E. T. (1972) J. Catal. 25:238.
Nakamoto K. (1986) “Infrared Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds”, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Cook D, (1961) Can. J. Chem. 39:2009.
Kline C. H. and Turkevich J. (1944) J. Chem. Phys. 12:300.
Morterra C., Chiorino A., Ghiotti G. and Garrone E. (1979) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I 75:271.
Morterra C. and G. Cerrato, (1990) Langmuir 6:1810.
Matulewicz E. R. A., Kerkhof F. P. J. M., Monlijn J. A. and Reitsma H. J. (1980) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 77:110.
Miyata H. and Moffat J. (1980) J. Catal. 62:357.
Corma A., Rodellas C. and Fornes V. (1984) J. Catal. 88:374.
Knözinger H., Krietenbrink H. and Ratnasamy P. (1977) J. Catal. 48:436.
Dewing J., Monks G. T. and Youll B. (1976) J. Catal. 44:226.
Knözinger H. (1974) Surface Sci. 41:339.
Angell C. L. and Howell M. V. (1969) J. Phys. Chem. 73:2551.
Karge H. (1973) Surface Sci. 40:157.
Sempels R. E. and Rouxhet P. G. (1976) J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 55:263.
Scokart P. O., Declerck F. D., Sempels R. E. and Rouxhet P. G. (1977) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 73:359.
Scokart P. O. and Rouxhet P. G. (1982) J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 86:96.
Busca G. (1986) Langmuir 2:577.
Knözinger H. and Krietenbrink H. (1975) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I., 71:2421.
Lavalley J.-C. and Caillod J. (1980) J. Chim. Phys., 77:373.
Odenbrand C. U., Brandin J. G. M. and Busca G. (1992) J. Catal., 135:505.
Schulz W. and Knözinger H. (1976) J. Phys. Chem., 80:1502.
Caillod J. and Lavalley J.-C. (1980) J. Chim. Phys., 77:379.
Knözinger H. (1976) in: “The Hydrogen Bond”, P. Schuster, G. Zundel and C. Sandorfy, eds., North Holland, Amsterdam, Vol. 3, p. 1263.
Fink P., Pohle W. and Köhler A., (1972) Z. Chem., 12:117.
Knözinger H. (1989) in: “Acid-Base Catalysis”, K. Tanabe, H. Hattori, T. Yamaguchi and T. Tanaka, eds., Kodansha, Tokyo, and Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, p. 147.
Zaki M. I. and Knözinger H. (1989) J. Catal., 119:311.
Zaki M. I. and Knözinger H. (1987) Mater. Chem. Phys., 17:201.
Knözinger H. and Ratnasamy P. (1978) Catal. Rev., 17:31.
Knözinger H. and Stolz H. (1971) Fortschr. Kolloid. Polymer, 55:16.
Stolz H. and Knözinger H. (1971) Kolloid-Z., 243:71.
Della Gatta G., Fubini B., Ghiotti G. and Morterra C. (1976) J. Catal., 43:90.
Tsyganenko A. A., Denisenko L. A., Zwerev S. M. and Filimonov V. N. (1985) J. Catal., 94:10.
Zecchina A., Escalona Platero E. and Otero Areán C. (1987) J. Catal., 107:244.
Zaki M. I. and Knözinger H. (1987) Spectrochim. Acta, 43 A:1455.
Soltanov R. I., Paukshtis E. A. and Yurchenko E. N. (1982) Kinet. Catal. (Engl.), 23:135.
Tanaka K. and White J. M. (1982) J. Phys. Chem., 86:4708.
Busca G., Saussey H., Saur O., Lavelley J.-C. and Lorenzelli V. (1985) Appl. Catal., 14:245.
Morterra C. (1988) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans I, 84:1617.
Zecchina A., Coluccia S., Guglielminotti E. and Ghiotti G. (1971) J. Phys. Chem., 75:2774.
Scarano D., Zecchina A. and Relier A. (1988) Surface Sci., 198:11.
Busca G. (1986) Langmuir, 2:577.
Hilbrig F., Schmelz H. and Knözinger H. (1992) Proc. 10. Intern. Congr. Catal., Budapest, in print.
Odenbrand C. U. I., Andersson S. L. T., Andersson L. A. H., Brandin J. G. M. and Busca G. (1990) J. Catal., 125:541.
Morterra C., Coluccia S., Garrone E. and Ghiotti G. (1979) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans I, 75:289.
Hush N. S. and Williams M. L. (1974) J. Molec. Spectrosc., 50:349.
Angell C. L. and Schaffer P. C. (1966) J. Phys. Chem., 70:1413.
Harrison P. G. and Thornton E. W. (1978) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 74:2703. and (1979) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 75:1487.
Larsson R., Lykvist R. and Rebenstorf B. (1982) Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 263:1089.
Morterra C., Garrone E., Bolis V. and Fubini B. (1987) Spectrochim. Acta 43A:1577.
Hughes T. R. and White H. M. (1967) J. Phys. Chem., 71:2192.
Bourne K. H., Cannings F. R. and Pitkethly R. C. (1970) J. Phys. Chem., 74:2197.
Jacobs P. A. (1982) Catal Rev.-Sci. Eng., 24:415.
Rabo J. A. and Gajda G. J. (1989/90) Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 31:385.
Kazansky V. B. (1977) Proc. Intern. Congr. Catal., London 1976, Vol. 1, p. 50.
Ghiotti G., Garrone E., Morterra C. and Boccuzzi F. (1979) J. Phys. Chem., 83:2863.
Beebe T. P., Gelin P. and Yates J. T. (1984) Surface Sci., 148:526.
Kustov L. M., Kazansky V. B., Beran S., Kubelková L. and Jiru P. (1987) J. Phys. Chem., 91:5247.
Kubelkova L., Beran S. and Lercher J. A. (1989) Zeolites, 9:539.
Mirsojev I., Ernst S., Weitkamp J. and Knözinger H., unpublished.
Echoufi N. and Gélin P. (1992) J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 88:1067.
Lercher J. A. and Noller H. (1982) J. Catal., 77:152.
Sanderson R. T. (1972) “Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy”, Academic Press, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Knözinger, H. (1993). Infrared Spectroscopy as a Probe of Surface Acidity. In: Joyner, R.W., van Santen, R.A. (eds) Elementary Reaction Steps in Heterogeneous Catalysis. NATO ASI Series, vol 398. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1693-0_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1693-0_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4741-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1693-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive