Abstract
Lake Zwemlust, a small highly eutrophic lake, was biomanipulated without reducing the external nutrient loading, and the effects were studied for four years. In this paper we pay special attention to the shifts in relative distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the different trophic levels and to the changes in growth limitation of the autotrophs.
Despite of the high external nutrient loads to the lake (ca 2.4 g P m’2 y’1 and 9.6 g N m−2 y−1), the effects of biomanipulation on the lake ecosystem were pronounced. Before biomanipulation no submerged vegetation was present in the lake and P and N were stored in the phytoplankton (44% N, 47% P), fish (33% N, 9% P) and in dissolved forms (23% N, 44% P). P and N contents in sediments were not determined. In the spring and summer following the biomanipulation (1987), zooplankton grazing controlled the phytoplankton biomass and about 90% of N and P were present in dissolved form in the water. From 1988 onwards submerged macrophyte stands continue to thrive, reducing the ammonium and nitrate concentrations in the water below detection levels. In July 1989 storage of N and P in the macrophytes reached 86% and 80%, respectively. Elodea nuttallii (Planchon) St.John, the dominant species in 1988 and 1989, acted as sink both for N and P during spring and early summer, withdrawing up to ca 60% of its N and P content from the sediment. At the end of the year only part of the N and P from the decayed macrophytes (ca 30% of N and 60% of P) was recovered in the water phase of the ecosystem (chiefly in dissolved forms). The rest remained in the sediment, although some N may have been released from the lake by denitrification.
In summer 1990 only 30% of the N and P was found in the macrophytes (dominant species Ceratophyllum demersum L.), while ca 30% of N and P was again stored in phytoplankton and fish.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Benndorf J., 1990. Conditions for effective biomanipulation; conclusions derived from whole-lake experiments in Europe. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 187–205. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Boers, P., L. van Ballegooyen & J. Uunk, 1991. Changes in phosphorus cycling in a shallow lake due to food web manipulations. Freshwat. Biol. 25: 9–20.
Boyd, C. E., 1971. The limnological role of aquatic macrophytes and their relationship to reservoir management. Re- serv. Fish. Limnol. 8: 153–166.
Cooke, G. D., M. R. McComas, D.W. Waller & R. H. Kennedy, 1977. The occurrence of internal phosphorus loading in two small eutrophic glacial lakes in north-eastern Ohio. Hydrobiologia 56: 129–135.
Gulati, R. D., 1989. Structure and feeding activity of zooplankton community in Lake Zwemlust, in the two years after biomanipulation. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 35–49.
Gulati, R. D., 1990. Structural and grazing responses of Zooplankton community to biomanipulation of some Dutch water bodies. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 99–119. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Hanson, M. A. & M. G. Butler, 1990. Early responses of plankton and turbidity to biomanipulation in a shallow prairie lake. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 317–327. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Jeppesen, E., J. P. Jensen, P. Kristensen, M. Søndergaard, E. Mortensen, O. Sortkjaer & K. Olrik, 1990. Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic, temporate lakes 2: threshold levels, long-term stability and conclusions. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 219–227. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Klein Breteler, J. G. P., 1991. The development of the fish stock in Lake Zwemlust in 1990 (in Dutch; English summary). OVB-Onderzoeksrapport 1990-03.
Kornijów, R., R. D. Gulati & E. Van Donk, 1990. Hydro- phyte-macroinvertebrate interactions in Zwemlust, a lake undergoing biomanipulation. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 467–475. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Meijer, M-L., A. J. P. Raat & R. W. Doef, 1989. Restoration by biomanipulation of the Dutch shallow, eutrophic Lake Bleiswijkse Zoom: first results. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 49–59.
Moss, B., 1990. Engineering and biological approaches to the restoration from eutrophication of shallow lakes in which aquatic plant communities are important components. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 367–379. Reprinted from Hydrobi- ologia 200/201.
Naiman, R. J., H. Decamps & F. Fournier, 1989. The role of land/inland water ecotones in landscape management and restoration: a proposal for collaborative research. MAB Digest 4 Unesco Paris, 94 pp.
Ozimek, T., E. Van Donk & R. D. Gulati, 1990. Can macrophytes be useful in biomanipulation of lakes? The lake Zwemlust example. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 399–409. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Scheffer, M., 1990. Multiplicity of stable states in freshwater systems. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 475–487. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Shapiro, J., 1990. Biomanipulation: the next phase-making it stable. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 13–29. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Shapiro, J. & D. J. Wright, 1984. Lake restoration by biomanipulation: Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two years. Freshwat. Biol. 14: 371–383.
Søndergaard, M., E. Jeppesen, E. Mortensen, E. Dall, P. Kristensen & O. Sortkjaer, 1990. Phytoplankton bio- mass reduction after planktivorous fish reduction in a shallow eutrophic lake: a combined effect of reduced internal P-loading and induced Zooplankton grazing. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 229–241. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Van Donk, E., 1991. Changes is community structure and growth limitation of phytoplankton due to top-down food-web manipulation. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 24: 773–778.
Van Donk, E., A. Veen & J. Ringelberg, 1988. Natural community bioassays to determine the abiotic factors that control phytoplankton growth and succession. Freshwat. Biol. 20: 199–210.
Van Donk, E., R. D. Gulati & M. P. Grimm, 1989. Food-web manipulation in Lake Zwemlust: positive and negative effects during the first two years. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 19–34.
Van Donk, E., M. P. Grimm, R. D. Gulati & J. P. G. Klein Breteler, 1990. Whole-lake food-web manipulation as a means to study community interactions in a small ecosystem. In R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 275–291. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201.
Van Dijk, G. M. & E. Van Donk, 1991. Perspectives for submerged macrophytes in shallow lake restoration projects in The Netherlands. Hydrobiol. Bull. 24: 125–133.
Verhoeven, J. T. A., 1978. Natural regulation of plant bio- mass in a Ruppia dominated system. Proc. EWRS 5th Symp. on aquatic weeds: 53–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van Donk, E., Gulati, R.D., Iedema, A., Meulemans, J.T. (1993). Macrophyte-related shifts in the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the different trophic levels in a biomanipulated shallow lake. In: Hillbricht-Ilkowska, A., Pieczyńska, E. (eds) Nutrient Dynamics and Retention in Land/Water Ecotones of Lowland, Temperate Lakes and Rivers. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 82. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1602-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1602-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4698-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1602-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive