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Phagocytosis

  • Chapter
Handbook of Immunochemistry

Abstract

Phagocytosis is a biological phenomenon that already occurs in unicellular organisms where it fulfils a basic nutritional function. Through this process unicellular organisms acquire nutrients that are necessary for metabolic processes. The term describes a general mechanism that enables transport of substances across the cytoplasmic membrane. During phylogenetic development, however, phagocytosis acquired other than simply nutritional functions. Even in simple multicellular animals, phagocytosis is responsible for clearance of the internal environment and also represents the main mechanism of nutrition and nutrient transport to other cells. In vertebrates, certain types of phagocytic cells are specialized for the execution of defence functions.These “professional” phagocytes can effectively take up and inactivate any foreign material present in the internal environment including pathogenic microorganisms, foreign (non-self) cells and autologous, but functionally and antigenically altered cells. Phagocytes became a key cell type of inflammation, and important secretory cells, since their products participate in the regulation of several physiological processes, maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment, and, finally, they participate in numerous pathological mechanisms.

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  1. Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

    Miroslav Ferenčík

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Ferenčík, M. (1993). Phagocytosis. In: Handbook of Immunochemistry. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1552-0_13

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