Abstract
The nature of differences between males and females, and how these differences arise, have always held a deep fascination for artists, philosophers and scientists. From the study of genetically accessible organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, it is commonly accepted that sex determination in mammals involves pathways of gene regulation, and that the choice of pathway is dependent on a switch mechanism. Understanding mammalian sex determination at the molecular level relies on isolating and studying all the genes in these pathways.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Affara, N.A. et al. (1986) Variable transfer of Y-specific sequences in XX males. Nucl. Acids Res.,14, 5375–5387.
Berta, P. et al. (1990) Genetic evidence equating SRY and the male sex determining gene. Nature, 348, 448–450.
Chandley, A.C. (1988) Meiosis in man. Trends. Genet., 4, 79–84.
Ford, C.E. et al. (1959) A sex chromosome anomaly in a case of gonadal dysgenesis (Turner’s Syndrome). Lancet, i, 711–713.
Foster, J.W. et al. (1992) The Human Sex Determining Gene SRY Detects Homologous Sequences on the Marsupial Y Chromosome. Manuscript submitted.
Giese, K. Cox, J. and Grosschedl, R. (1992) The HMG Domain of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 Bends DNA and Facilitates Assembly of Functional Nucleoprotein Structures. Cell, 69, 185–195.
Gubbay, J. et al. (1990a) Normal structure and expression of Zfy genes in XY female mice mutant in Tdy. Development, 109, 647–653.
Gubbay, J. et al. (1990b) A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes. Nature, 346, 245–250.
Gubbay, J. et al. (1992) Inverted repeat structure if the Sry locus in mice. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA, in press.
Harley, V.R. et al. (1992) DNA Binding Activity of Recombinant SRY from Normal Males and XY Females. Science, 255, 453–456.
Hawkins, J.R. et al. (1992) Mutational analysis of SRY: nonsense and missense mutations in XY sex reversal.. Hum. Genet., 88, 471–474.
Jacobs, P.A. and Strong, J.A. (1959) A case human intersexuality having possible XXY sex determining mechanism. Nature, 183, 302–303.
Jäger, R.J. et al. (1990) A human XY female with a frame shift mutation in the candidate testis-determining gene SRY. Nature, 348, 452–454.
Jost, A. (1947) Recherches sur la differentiation sexuelle de l’embryon de lapin. Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Experim., 36, 271–315.
Koopman, P. et al.(1989) Zfy gene expression patterns are not compatible with a primary role in mouse sex determination. Nature, 342, 940–942.
Koopman, P. et al. (1991) Male development of chromosomally female mice transgenic for Sry. Nature, 351, 117–121.
Koopman, P. et al. (1990) Expression of a candidate sex-determining gene during mouse testis differentiation. Nature, 348, 450–452.
Lovell-Badge, R. and Robertson, E. (1990). XY female mice resulting from a heritable mutation in the primary testis-determining gene, Tdy. Development, 109, 635–646.
McElreavey, K.D. et al. (1992) XY Sex Reversal Associated with a Nonsense Mutation in SRY. Genomics, 13, 838–840.
Muller, U. et al. (1986) Deletion mapping of the testis determining locus with DNA probes in 46, XX males and in 46, XY and 46, X, dic(Y) females. Nucl. Acids Res., 14, 6489–6505.
Nasrin, N. et al. (1991) DNA-binding properties of the product of the testis-determining gene and a related protein. Nature, 354, 317–320.
Page, D.C. et al. (1990) Additional deletion in sex-determining region of human Y chromosome resolves paradox of X,t(Y,22) female. Nature, 346, 279–281.
Page, D.C. et al. (1987) The sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a finger protein. Cell, 51, 1091–1104.
Palmer, M.S. et al. (1989) Genetic evidence that ZFY is not the testis-determining factor. Nature, 342, 937–939.
Schneider-Gädicke, A. et al. (1988) ZFX has a gene structure similar to ZFY, the putative human sex determinant and escapes X inactivation. Cell, 57, 1247–1258.
Sinclair, A. et al. (1988) Sequences homologous to ZFY, a candidate human sex-determining gene, are autosomal in marsupials. Nature, 36, 780–783.
Sinclair, A.H. et al. (1990) A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature, 346, 240–244.
Tiersch, T.R. Mitchell, M.J. and Wachtel, S.S. (1991) Studies on the phylogenetic conservation of the SRY gene. Hum. Genet., 87, 571–573.
van de Wetering, et al.(1991) Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. EMBO J., 10, 123–132.
Vergnaud, G. et al. (1986) A deletion map of the human Y chromosome based on DNA hybridization. Am. J. Hum. Genet, 38, 109–124.
Welshons, W.J. and Russell, L.B. (1959) The Y chromosome as the bearer of male determining factors in the mouse. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA, 45, 560–566.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koopman, P. (1993). Mammalian sex determination: what we have learnt from a chromosomal design fault. In: Chromosomes Today. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1510-0_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1510-0_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4660-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1510-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive