Abstract
Before considering the types of data used in spatial information systems it is necessary to clarify the distinction between data and information. We may for the purposes of this discussion refer to data as being raw or unprocessed, while information has undergone some processing, such as classification, which makes it more relevant to the problem in hand. Thus data are the original survey information, the original remote sensing image or the basic census statistics, while information is the cartographic representation of the survey data, the classified remote sensing image or the aggregated census statistics. The process of converting from data to information is one which ‘adds value’ due to the ‘knowledge’ required. For example, the classification of the remote sensing image is only successfully undertaken by someone with the knowledge to apply the necessary statistical techniques.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burnhill, P. (1991) Metadata cataloguing standards. Proceedings of symposium on ‘Approaches to the Handling of spatial metadata’. Ed. Medyckyj-Scott, D., Association for Geographic Information, London, pp. 10–16.
Cassettari, S., Fagg, A, and Visvalingham, M. (1992) Cartography and GIS. Education and Training Research Publication Number 5, Association for Geographic Information, London.
Cornelius, S. (1991) Data auditing. Proceedings of Symposium on ‘Approaches to the Handling of spatial Metadata.’ Ed. MedyckyjScott, D., Association for Geographic Information, London, pp. 17–22.
Dale, P. F. and McLaughlin, J. D. (1988) Land Information Management: An Introduction with Special Reference to Cadastral Problems in Third World Countries. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Dangermond, J. (1979) A case study of the Zulia regional planning study, describing the work completed. Harvard Library of Computer Graphics, Vol 3, pp. 35–62.
Fisher, P. F. (1991) Spatial data sources and data problems. In:Geographical Information Systems Vol 1: Principles, Eds. Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W., Longman, London, pp. 175–189.
Flowerdew, R. (1991) Spatial data integration. In Geographical Information Systems Vol 1: Principles. Eds. Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W., Longman, London pp. 375–387.
Flowerdew, R. and Green, M. (1989) Statistical methods for inference between incompatible zonal systems. In: Accuracy of Spatial Databases. Eds. Goodchild, M. F. and Gopal, S., Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 239–47.
Goodchild, M. F. and Gopal, S. (eds) (1989) Accuracy of Spatial Databases. Taylor and Francis, London.
Lillywhite, J. (1991) Introduction: The problem. Proceedings of Symposium on‘Approaches to the Handling of spatial Metadata’ Ed. Medyckyj-Scott, D., Association for Geographic Information, London, pp. 6–9.
Monmonier, M. S. (1977) Maps, distortion and meaning. Association of American Geographers Resource Paper 75–4, AAG, Washington DC.
Openshaw, S. (1983) Multivariate analysis of census data: the classification of areas. In: A Census User’s Handbook. Ed. Rhind, D. W., Methuen, London, pp. 243–64.
Openshaw, S. (1984) The modifiable areal unit problem. CATMOG 38. GeoBooks, Norwich.
Openshaw, S. (1991) Developing appropriate spatial analysis methods for GIS. In: Geographical Information Systems Vol 1: Principles. Eds. Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W., Longman, London, pp. 389–402.
Raper, J., Rhind, D. and Shepard, J. (1992) Postcodes. The New Geography. Longman, London.
Rhind, D. W. and Clark, P. (1988) Cartographic data inputs to global databases. In: Building Databases for Global Science. Ed. Mounsey H. M., Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 79–104.
Ruggles, C., Medyckyj-Scott, D., Newman, I and Walker, D. (1990) Data structures for identifying and locating relevant spatial information. Proceedings European Conference on Geographical Information Systems, Amsterdam, pp. 958–67.
Visvalingham, M. (1990) Trends and concerns in digital cartography. Computer-Aided Design, Vol 22, No 3, pp. 115–130.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Seppe Cassettari
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cassettari, S. (1993). Data for Geo-information Systems. In: Cassettari, S. (eds) Introduction to Integrated Geo-information Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1504-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1504-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-48900-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1504-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive