Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Aspects of the kinetics, modelling and simulation of network build-up during cyanate ester cure

  • Chapter
Chemistry and Technology of Cyanate Ester Resins

Abstract

The formation of polycyanurates through polycyclotrimerization of cyanate esters is a typical step-growth network building process. Starting from low-molecular-weight monomers with at least two cyanate groups, the reacting system passes through a pregel state with a broad distribution of oligomers to reach the gelpoint at a certain value of the functional groups’ conversion. Finally, when nearly all functional groups have reacted, the system consists of one giant macromolecule (Scheme 3.1). The chemical and physical structure of the network is closely related to the underlying formation process. Therefore, models of the network build-up contain both characteristics of the polymer structure that can be used to elucidate structure-property relationships and features of the reaction kinetics necessary for processing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dusek, K. (1986) Adv. Polym. Sci., 78, 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Dusek, K. (1992) Proc. Am Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 66, 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stockmayer, W.H. (1943) J. Chem. Phys., 11, 45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Flory, P.J. (1953) Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gordon, M. (1962) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A268, 240.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Macosko, C.W. and Miller, D.R. (1976) Macromolecules, 9, 199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Miller, D.R. and Macosko, C.W. (1976) Macromolecules, 9, 206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kuchanov, S.I. (1978) Methods of Kinetic Calculations in Polymer Chemistry (in Russian), Khimiya, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mikes, J. and Dusek, K. (1982) Macromolecules, 15, 93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Stauffer, D., Coniglio, A. and Adam, M. (1981) Adv. Polym. Sci., 44, 103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Leung, Y.K. and Eichinger, B.E. (1984) J. Chem. Phys., 80, 3877.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Korshak, V.V., Pankratov, V.A., Ladovskaya, A.A. and Vinogradova, S.V. (1978) J. Polym. ScL Polym. Chem. Ed., 16, 1697.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pankratov, V.A., Ladovskaya, A.A., Pavlova, S.A., Timofeeva, G.I., Korshak, V.V. and Vinogradova, S.V. Vysokomol. Soed., A20, 1074.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Pankratov, V.A., Ladovskaya, A.A., Korshak, V.V. and Vinogradova, S.V. (1979) Vysokomol. Soed., A21, 1014.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fukui, K. and Yamabe, T. (1960) J. Polym. Sci., 45, 305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Yamabe, T. and Fukui, K. (1964) Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 37, 1061.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fukui, K. and Yamabe, T. (1967) Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 40, 2052.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bauer, J. (1990) Thesis, B. Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bauer, J. and Bauer, M. (1988) Acta Polym., 39, 548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bauer, J. and Bauer, M. (1990) J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A27, 97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bauer, J. and Bauer, M. (1989) Acta Polym., 40, 679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bauer, M., Bauer, J. and Jährig, S. (1991) Makromol Chem., Macromol. Symp., 45, 97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gupta, A.M. (1991) Macromolecules, 24, 3459.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Williams, R.J.J., Vazquez, A. and Pascault, J.P. (1992) Polym. Bull., 28, 219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bauer, J. and Bauer, M. (1987) Acta Polym., 38, 16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gupta, A.M., Hendrickson, R.C. and Macosko, C.W. (1991) J. Chem. Phys., 95, 2097.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gupta, A.M. and Macosko, C.W. (1993) Macromolecules, 26, 2455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bauer, J., Lang, P., Burchard, W. and Bauer, M. (1991) Macromolecules, 24, 2634.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bauer, J. and Burchard, W. (1992) J. Phys. II France, 2, 1053.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bauer, J. and Burchard, W. (1993) Macromolecules, 26, 3103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bauer, M., Bauer, J. and Garske, B. (1986) Acta Polym., 37, 604.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bauer, M., Bauer, J. and KĂĽhn, G. (1986) Acta Polym., 37, 715.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bonezkaya, A.K., Kravtschenko, M.A., Korshak, V.V., Frenkel, Z.M., Pankratov, V.A. and Vinogradova, S.V. (1975) Vysokomol. Soed., B17, 282.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bonezkaya, A.K., Kravtschenko, M.A., Frenkel, Z.M., Pankratov, V.A., Vinogradova, S.V. and Korshak, V.V. (1977) Vysokomol. Soed., A19, 1042.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bonezkaya, A.K., Ivanov, V.V., Kravtschenko, M.A., Pankratov, V.A., Frenkel, Z.M., Korshak V.V. and Vinogradova, S.V. (1980) Vysokomol. Soed., A22, 766.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bonezkaya, A.K., Kravtschenko, M.A., Frenkel, Z.M., Pankratov, V.A., Korshak, V.V. and Vinogradova, S.V. (1981) Vysokomol Soed., A23, 1494.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Frenkel, Z.M., Korshak, V.V., Bonezkaya, A.K. Pankratov, V.A., Vinogradova, S.V. and Kravtschenko, M.A. (1976) J. Prakt. Chem., 318, 923.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Georjon, O., Galy, J. and Pascault, J.P. (1993) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, 1441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gupta, A.M. and Macosko, C.W. (1991) Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp., 45, 105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Korshak. V.V., Bonezkaya, A.K., Kravtschenko, M.A., Frenkel, Z.M., Pankratov, V.A. and Vinogradova, S.V. (1976) Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Chim., 1976, 923.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mirco, V., Cao, Z.Q., Mechin, F. and Pascault, J.P. (1992) Proc. ACS, Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 66, 451.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Osei-Owusu, A., Martin, G.C. and Gotro, J.T. (1991) Polym. Eng. Sci., 31, 1604.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Osei-Owusu, A., Martin, G.C., Poliks, M.D., Balko, J.W. and Gotro, J.T. (1992) Proc. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 66, 449.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bacaloglu, I.I., Bacaloglu, R., Martin, D. and Bauer, M. (1977) Rev. Roum. Chim., 22, 511.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Khanna, Y.P., Kumar, R. and Das. S. (1990) Polym. Eng. Sci., 30, 1171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lin, R.H., Hong, J.L. and Su, A.C. (1992) Proc. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng. 66, 464.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Simon, S.L. and Gillham, J.K. (1991) Proc. Am. Chem. Soc, Div. Polym. Chem., 32, 182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Simon, S.L., Gillham, J.K. (1992) Proc. Am. Chem. Soc. Div., Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 66, 453.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Vinogradova, S.V., Pazuriya, M.M., Pankratov, V.A., Korshak, V.V., Makarova, L.I. and Andrianov, K.A. (1977) Vysokomol. Soed., A19, 80.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bauer, M. (1980) Thesis, Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Alla, C. (1992) Thesis, Paris; further publication in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Bauer, J. and Alla, C. (1994) publication in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Dusek, K. (1985) Br. Polym. J. (1985) 17, 185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Armistead, J.P. and Snow, A.W. (1992) Proc. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 66, 457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Barton, J.M., Greenfield, D.C.L., Hamerton, I. and Jones, J.R. (1991) Polym. Bull., 25, 475.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Bauer, M., Bauer, J. and KĂĽhn, G. (1986) Acta Polym., 37, 218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Cozzens, R.F., Walter, P. and Snow, A.W. (1987) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 34, 601.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Shimp, D.A., Ising, S.J. and Christenson, J.R. (1989) Proc. Int. SAMPE Symp., 34, 222.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Fang, T. (1990) Macromolecules, 23, 4553.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Bauer, M., Bauer, J. and Much, H. (1986) Acta Polym., 37, 221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Gupta, A.M. and Macosko, C.W. (1992) Proc. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 66, 447.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Bauer, M., Janietz, D., Reck, G. and Schulz, B. (1992) J. Prakt. Chem., 334, 95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Bauer, J., Bauer, M. and Jährig, S. (1994) publication in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Hale, A., Macosko, C.W. and Bair, H.E. (1991) Macromolecules, 24, 2610.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Futakuchi, N. and Suzuki, Y. (1978) Japanese Patent 80-43130.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Gotro, J.T. (1987) Polym. Composites, 8, 39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Bauer, M. Tänzer, W., Much, H. and Ruhmann, R. (1989) Acta Polym., 40, 335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Bauer, M., Bauer, J., Ruhmann, R. and KĂĽhn, G. (1989) Acta Polym., 40, 397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Bauer, M. and Bauer, J. (1989) Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp., 30, 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Shimp, D.A. and Wentworth, J.E. (1992) In Advanced Materials and Structures from Research to Application, eds. Brandt, J., Hornfeld, H. and Neitzel, M. SAMPE European Chapter, Basel, 67–78.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Bauer, J. and Bauer, M. (1988) Acta Polym., 39, 548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Bauer, J. and Bauer, M. (1990) Acta Polym., 41, 535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bauer, M. (1986) Thesis B, Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Shimp, D.A., Hudock, F.A. and Ising, S.J. (1988) Proc. Int. SAMPE Symp., 33, 754.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Bauer, J., Dingenouts, N. and Ballauff, M. (1994) publication in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. Bauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Bauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK

    Ian Hamerton

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bauer, M., Bauer, J. (1994). Aspects of the kinetics, modelling and simulation of network build-up during cyanate ester cure. In: Hamerton, I. (eds) Chemistry and Technology of Cyanate Ester Resins. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1326-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1326-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4577-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1326-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation