Abstract
Order parameter fluctuations at mesomorphic phase transitions modulate the molecular dynamics of spin probes, thereby affecting spin relaxation. The anomalous relaxation rates at the phase transitions (T*) often diverge as |T - T*| γ, where γ is a critical exponent, and has been noted to be universal. For N-I transitions, γ = -½, and for SA−N transitions, γ = −1/3. Theoretical models are discussed that provide a unified framework for rationalising the experimental results.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Introduction to Liquid Crystals (1974) E. B. Priestley, P.J. Wojtowicz and P. Sheng, (eds.), Plenum, New York;
Kelker, H. and Hatz, R. (1980) Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
Chandrasekhar, S. (1977) Liquid Crystals, Cambridge University, New York;
de Gennes, P. G. (1974) The Physics of Liquid Crystals, Oxford University, New York;
Stephen, M.J. and Straley, J. S. (1974) Rev. Mod. Phys., 46, 617.
Anisimov, M. A. (1988) Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 162A, 1.
Stinson, T. W. and Litster, J. D. (1970) Phys. Rev. Lett., 25, 500, ibid., 30, 688 (1973).
Coles, H. J. and Sefton, M. S. (1987) Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 4, 123.
Dong, R. Y., Richards, G. M., Lewis, J. S., Tomchuk, E. and Bock, E. (1987) Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 144, 33.
Counsell, C. R. J., Emsley, J. W., Luckhurst, G. R., Turner, D. L. and Charvolin, J. (1984) Molec. Phys., 52, 499.
Barbara, T. M., Vold, R.R. Vold, R. L. and Neubert, M. E. (1985) J. chem. Phys., 82, 1612.
Birgeneau, R. J., Garland, C. W., Kasting, G. B. and Ocko, B. M. (1981) Phys. Rev. A, 24, 2624.
Garland, C. W., Meichle, M., Ocko, B. M., Kortan, A. R., Safmya, C. R., Yu, L. J., Litster, J. D. and Birgeneau, R. J. (1983) Phys. Rev. A, 27, 3234.
Ocko, B. M., Kortan, A. R., Birgeneau, R. J. and Goodby, J. W. (1984) J. Physique, 45, 113.
Kortan, A. R., Kanel, H. V., Birgeneau R. J. and Litster, J. D. (1981) Phys. Rev. Left., 47, 1206;
Kortan, A. R., Kanel, H. V., Birgeneau, R. J. and Litster, J. D. (1984) J. Physique, 45, 529.
Lushington, K. J., Kasting, G. B. and Garland, C. W. (1980) Phys. Rev. B, 22, 2569.
Brisbin, D., deHoff, R. J., Lockhart, T. E. and Johnson, D. L. (1979) Phys. Rev. Left., 43, 1171.
Thoen, J., Marynssen, S. and van Dael, W. (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 204.
Rao, K. V. S., Hwang, J. S. and Freed, J. H. (1976) Phys. Rev. Lett., 37, 515.
Freed, J. H. (1977) J. chem. Phys., 66, 4183.
Cabane, B. and Clark, W. G. (1970) Phys. Rev. Lett., 25, 91.
de Gennes, P. G. (1972) Solid State Commun., 10, 753.
Zager, S. A. and Freed, J. H. (1984) Chem. Phys. Lett., 109, 270.
Freed. J. H. (1992) J. chem. Phys., 96, 3901.
de Gennes, P. G. (1974) The Physics of Liquid Crystals, Oxford University, New York.
Pincus, P. (1969) Solid State Commun., 7, 415.
Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M. (1981) Statistical Physics, Pergamon, London.
Ukleja, P., Pirs, J. and Doane, J. W. (1976) Phys. Rev., 14, 414.
Polnaszek, C. F. and Freed, J. H. (1975) J. phys. Chem., 79, 2283.
Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A. (1964) Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Washington D.C.
Zientara, G. P. and Freed, J. H. (1983) J. chem. Phys., 79, 3077.
Stinson, T. W., Litster, J. D. and Clark, N. A. (1972) J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq., 33, C1–169.
Landau, L. and Khalatnikov, I. (1954) Dokl. Acad. Nauk. SSSR, 96, 469.
Nayeem, A. and Freed, J. H. (1989) J. phys. Chem., 93, 6539.
Lin, W. J. and Freed, J. H. (1979) J. phys. Chem., 83, 379.
Meirovitch, E., Igner, D., Igner, E., Moro, G. and Freed, J. H. (1982) J. chem. Phys., 75, 3157.
McMillan, W. L. (1971) Phys. Rev., A, 4, 1238.
Meyer, R. B. and Lubensky, T. C. (1976) Phys. Rev. A, 14(6), 2307.
Longa, L. (1986) Z. Phys., B, 64, 357.
Halperin, B. I., Lubensky, T. C. and Ma, S. K. (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett., 32, 292.
Lubensky, T. C. (1983) J. Chin. Phys., 80, 31.
Maier, W. and Saupe, A. (1958) Z. Naturf. A, 13, 564.
Warner, M. (1984) Molec. Physics, 52, 677.
Stanley, H. E. (1971) in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, Oxford University Press.
Lawrie, A. D. and Sarbach, S. (1984) in Phase Transition and Critical Phenomenon, Vol. 8, C. Domb and M. S. Green (eds.), Academic Press.
Brochard, F. (1973) J. Phys., Paris, 34, 411;
Jahnig, J. and Brochard, F. (1974) J. Phys., Paris, 35, 301.
Chen, J. L. and Lubensky, T. C. (1976) Phys. Rev. A, 14, 1202.
Ocko, B. M., Birgeneau, R. J., Litster, J. D. and Neubert, M. E. (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 208.
Garland, C. W., Meichle, M., Ocko, B. M., Kortan, A. R., Safmya, C. R., Yu, L. J., Litster, J. D. and Birgeneau, R. J. (1983) Phys. Rev. A, 27, 3234.
Dong, R. Y. (1984) Molec. Crystals Liq. Crystals Lett., 92, 251.
Freed, J. H. (1987) in Rotational Dynamics of Small and Macromolecules, Lecture Notes in Physics, T. Dorfmuller and R. Pecora (eds.), Springer-Verlag, 293, p. 89.
Nayeem, A., Rananavare, S. B., Sastry, V. S. S. and Freed, J. H. (1992) J. chem. Phys., 96, 3912;
Nayeem, A. (1986) Ph.D Thesis.
Zientara, G. P. and Freed, J. H. (1982) Proceedings of the Ninth International Liquid Crystal Conference, Bangalore.
van Gunsteren, W. F. and Berendsen, J. J. C. (1977) Molec. Phys., 34, 1311.
Rychaert, P., Ciccotti, G. and Berendsen, H. H. C (1977) J. Comp. Phys., 23, 327.
Zannoni, G. and Guerra, M. (1981) Molec. Phys. 44, 849.
Ypma, J. F. J. and Vertogen, G. (1976) J. Phys., 37, 557;
Ypma, J. F. J. and Vertogen, G. (1976) Solid State Commun., 18, 475.
Bevington, P. R. (1961) Error Analysis and Data Reduction in the Physical Sciences, McGraw Hill, New York.
Nayeem, A., Rananavare, S. B., Sastry, V.S.S. and Freed, J. H. (1989) J. chem. Phys., 91, 6887.
Moscicki, J.K., Shin, Y.K. and Freed, J. H. in EPR Imaging and In Vivo EPR, edited by G. R. Eaton, S. R. Eaton and K. Olmo, CRC Press (1991) chap. 19
Moscicki, J.K., Shin, Y.K. and Freed, J. H. (1993) J. chem. Phys., 99, 634.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Freed, J.H., Nayeem, A., Rananavare, S.B. (1994). ESR Studies of Molecular Dynamics at Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals. In: Luckhurst, G.R., Veracini, C.A. (eds) The Molecular Dynamics of Liquid Crystals. NATO ASI Series, vol 431. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1168-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1168-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4509-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1168-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive