Abstract
In the time period from the end of the 1970’s to the end of the 1980’s, particular attention was paid to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the framework of state innovation policy in the Federal Republic of Germany. The amount of subsidies allotted reached its peak in the mid 1980s. The most important measures, based on the amount of aid and the number of sponsored enterprises, were the “R&D Personnel Costs Subsidies Programme” of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and the “Promotion of Research Personnel Growth” which was launched later by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology. Between 1979 and 1988 almost 20,000 small and medium-sized enterprises were sponsored under the “R&D Personnel Costs Subsidies Programme”, involving a total amount of DM 3.2 thousand million. Small and medium-sized enterprises which had taken on new R&D personnel between 1.9.1984 and 31.12.1987 wore entitled to apply for the “Growth promotion” programme. About 6,000 enterprises were sponsored under this programme, most of which had also taken part in the “R&D Personnel Costs Subsidies Programme”; the programme volume is estimated at c. DM 230 million (cf. table next page).
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Notes
Becher, G.; Gielow, G.; Herden, R.; Kuhlmann, S.; Kuntze, U.; Walter, G.H.; Homschild, K.; Meyer-Krahmer, F.; Edler, D.: FuE-Personalkostenzuschüsse: Strukturentwicklung, Beschäftigungswirkungen und Konsequenzen für die Innovationspolitik. Report commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs, Bonn. Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI) in cooperation with the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), KarlsruhelBerlin 1989 (mimeo).
Homschild, K.; Meyer-Krahmer, F.; Becher, G.; Gielow, G.; Kuntze, U.: Wirkungsanalyse der Forschungspersonal-Zuwachsförderung. Report commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology, Bonn. German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) in cooperation with the FraunhoferInstitute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Beiträge zur Strukturforschung, Heft 115, Berlin (Duncker & Humblot), 1990.
See Kuntze, U.; Gielow, G.; Grupp, H.; Thierstein, A: Intemationaler Vergleich der Forschungs-, Technologie-und Innovationspolitik für kleine und mittlere Untemehmen in ausgewählten Industrieländern, Karlsruhe 1986; G. Becher, S. Kuhlmann, U. Kuntze: Forschungs-und Technologiepolitik für kleine und mittlere Untemehmen in ausgewählten Industrieländem, Karlsruhe 1989.
The dependence on company size, innovative activity and company growth (against thebackground of theeconomic policy discussion on this question) was alsopart of the evaluation by ISI and DIW. The empirical results obtained from this, which prove that the innovative activity of the company is a fundamental determinant of its growth, are not discussed in detail here. For a summarizing discussion, see “Unternehmensgröße und Innovationstätigkeit: Zwei wichtige Faktoren des Untemehmenswachstums”. Dietmar Edler and Frieder Meyer-Krahmer, in: Wochenbericht des DIW, Nr. 42/1989.
Frieder Meyer-Krahmer, Gisela Gielow, Uwe Kuntze: Wirkungsanalyse der Zuschüsse für Personal in Forschung und Entwicklung. Gutachten im Auftrage des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft, Bonn. Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Karlsruhe, 1984 (mimeo).
See the report in this volume on the evaluation of a programme to promote R&D cooperation inSMEs (Becher/Wolff).
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Kuntze, U., Hornschild, K. (1995). Evaluation of the Promotion of R&D Activities in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. In: Becher, G., Kuhlmann, S. (eds) Evaluation of Technology Policy Programmes in Germany. Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0988-8_2
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