Applications of cross-flow membrane processes

Abstract

This chapter describes several of the industrially important applications of cross-flow membrane processes. Additionally, practical aspects of membrane process design and process development are discussed. Section 6.1.1 outlines several methods of classifying membrane processes. These classification methods, used in concert, provide a useful method of identifying the likely requirements of particular membrane processes. Section 6.1.2 describes the main issues which must be addressed in cross-flow membrane process design. The objective is not so much to provide a recipe for process design, but rather to indicate some key questions which should be asked and answered in the design phase of a membrane process project. Section 6.1.3 provides a description of process development methodology for membrane applications. Whilst this does not deviate much from the classical progression from laboratory bench to plant, there are some membrane-specific details which are not available from the more general literature on process development. Section 6.1.4 describes briefly some aspects of membrane process design and development which are dependent on process scale. This topic is often overlooked in descriptions of membrane process, but impacts strongly on correct process design. Section 6.1.5. provides an overview of membrane process economics, a topic which is discussed in greater detail in the context of specific applications.