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Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins

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Book cover Active Oxygen in Biochemistry

Abstract

As discussed in other chapters in this volume, the high reduction potential of O2 makes it thermodynamically an excellent oxidizing agent for most biochemicals. However, the activation energy for these reactions is rather high, and O2 is kinetically unreactive without the intervention of a catalyst. Furthermore, the products generated by the uncontrolled reduction of O2 are often toxic. Such reductions usually produce highly reactive radicals, which react nonspecifically with the many reducing cellular compounds. Thus, the reactions of O2 must be strictly controlled. The task of oxygen-utilizing enzymes, then, is to accelerate the reaction of O2 at the enzyme active site and control the fate of the activated oxygen intermediate so that only a specific organic compound is oxidized. Enzymes that activate O2 generally require the participation of either metals or organic cofactors. Metals are discussed in other chapters. The most widely occurring and best-studied organic cofactors that activate O2 are the flavins, derivatives of vitamin B2 (riboflavin; FMN without the phosphate). The structures of the two most common flavins, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), are shown overleaf.

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Authors
  1. Bruce A. Palfey
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  2. David P. Ballou
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  3. Vincent Massey
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Los Angeles, USA

    Joan Selverstone Valentine  & Christopher S. Foote  & 

  2. University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

    Arthur Greenberg

  3. University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA

    Joel F. Liebman

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© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Palfey, B.A., Ballou, D.P., Massey, V. (1995). Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins. In: Valentine, J.S., Foote, C.S., Greenberg, A., Liebman, J.F. (eds) Active Oxygen in Biochemistry. Structure Energetics and Reactivity in Chemistry Series (SEARCH series), vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0609-2_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0609-2_2

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  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7514-0372-5

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