Skip to main content

Physical and chemical aspects of the use of fillers in paper

  • Chapter
Paper Chemistry

Abstract

Fillers have always been important raw materials in papermaking, and they are now used for various reasons in a wide range of paper and board products. The spectrum ranges from grades of newsprint containing as little as 3 wt% of a special filler, added to improve opacity and printing properties, to office and magazine papers containing 30 wt% or more filler, added partly to improve some paper properties but principally to reduce total raw material costs. Given the variety, it is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss any individual fillers or applications in detail. Instead an attempt is made to identify the major chemical and physical principles that dominate the effect of all fillers both in the formation of paper and in the properties of the finished sheet. From these principles, a more general understanding of the current use of fillers and the opportunities for future development should emerge.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Magemeyer, R.W., ed. Pigments for Paper, Tappi Press (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  2. See e.g., Gill, R.A., Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 4 (2) (1989), 120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allen, T., Particle Size Measurement, Chapman and Hall Ltd, 3rd Edition (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jennings, B.R. and Parslow, K., Proc. R. Soc., A419 (1988), 137.

    Google Scholar 

  5. See Stratton, R.A. and Suranson, J.W., Tappi, 64 (1) (1981), 79;

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Stark, H. and Eichinger, R., Wochenblatt f. Pap., 23/24 (1984), 871–876;

    Google Scholar 

  7. Davidson, R.W., Tappi, 57(12) (1974), 85.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Levine, S. and Friesen, W.I., Flocculation in Biotechnology and Separation Systems, ed. Y.A. Astia, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam (1987), 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hunter, R.J., Zeta Potential in Colloid Science, Academic Press (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Friend, J.P. and Hunter, R.J., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 37 (1971), 548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Friend, J.P. and Kitchener, J.A., Chem. Eng. Sci., 28 (1973), 1071.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Le Bell, J., Bergroth, B., Stenius, P. and Stenlund, B., Papper och Trö, 5 (1974), 463.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hall, E.S., J. Appl. Chem., 15 (May 1965), 197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Boluk, M.Y. and Van de Ven, T.G.M., Colloids and Surfaces, 46 (1990), 157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jaycock, M.J., Pearson, J.L., Counter, R. and Husband, F.W., J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnology, 25 (1975), 815.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Versluys, R.P., Chemistry of Papermaking Conf. Proc. (1991), 18.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Siffert, B. and Fimbel, P., Colloids and Surfaces, 11 (1984), 377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sanders, M. and Schaefer, J.H., Tappi Papermakers Conference (1989), 69.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Davidson, R.W., Tappi, 57 (12) (1974), 85.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Weigl, J., Hlavastch, J. and Scheidt, W., Wochenblatt f. Pap., 13 (1989), 587.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Alince, B. and Lepoutre, P., Tappi, 66 (1) (1983), 92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Alince, B., Colloids and Surfaces, 23 (1987), 199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Fimbel, P. and Siffert, B., Colloids and Surfaces, 20 (1986), 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jaycock, M.J. and Pearson, J.L., J. Appl. Chem. and Biotechnology, 25 (1975), 827.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stark, H. and Eichinger, R., Wochenblatt fur Pap., 23/24 (1984), 871–876.

    Google Scholar 

  26. See for example: Theng, B.K.G., Clays and Clay Minerals, 30 (1) (1982), 1;

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Howarth, G.J., Hudson, F.C. and West, J., J. Appl. Pol. Science, 21 (1977), 29;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Howarth, G.J., Hudson, F.C. and West, J., Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interface, eds Parfitt, G.D. and Rochester, C.H.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Krause, T., Schempp, W. and Hess, P., Deutsche Pap., 3 (1984), 127.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hendrikson, E.R. and Neuman, R.D., Tappi, 68 (11) (1985), 120;

    Google Scholar 

  31. Roberts, K., Kowalewska, J. and Friberg, S., J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 43 (3) (1974), 361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Williams, W.R. and Mather, R.D., Paper Technology and Industry (1975), 150.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Al-Jabari, M., Van Heiningen, A.R.P. and Van de Ven, T.G.M., J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 20 (9) (1994), J249.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Al-Jabari, M., Van Heiningen, A.R.P. and Van de Ven, T.G.M., J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 20 (10) (1994), J289.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Middleton, S.R. and Scallan, A.M., J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 17 (4) (1991), J127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Middleton, S.R. and Scallan, A.M., Nordic Pulp & Paper J., 9 (3) (1994), 156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tam Doo, P.A., Kerekes, R.J. and Pelton, R.H., J. Pulp and Paper Sci., 10 (4) (1984), J80.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Britt, K.W., Tappi, 56 (10), (1973), 46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Levine, S. and Friesen, W.I., Flocculation in Biotechnology and Separation Systems, ed. Y.A. Attia, Elsevier Science Pub., Amsterdam (1987), 3;

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lindström, T., Fundamentals of Paper-making, eds Baker, C.F. and Punton, V.W., MEP, London (1989), 309.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Andersson, K., Sandström, A., Störm, K. and Barla, P., Nordic Pulp and Paper J.. 2 (1986), 26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Smoluchowski, M., Z. Phys. Chem., 92 (1971), 129.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Van de Ven, T.G.M., Fundamentals of Papermaking, eds C.F. Baker and V.W. Punton, MEP, London (1989), 471.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hubbe, M.A., Tappi J., 69 (8) (1986), 116.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hubbe, M.A., Colloids and Surfaces, 16 (1985), 249;

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Pandya, J.D. and Spielman, L.A., J. Coll. Interface Sci., 90 (2) (1982), 517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gregory, J., Flocculation in Biotechnology and Separation Systems, ed. A. Attia, Elsevier Sci. Pub., Amsterdam (1987), 31.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Wägberg, L., Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes and Polymer-Induced Flocculation of Cellulosic Fibres. Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Paper Technology (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Davison, R.N., Tappi, 66 (11) (1983), 69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Waech, T.G., Tappi, 66 (1983), 137.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bown, R., Papermaking Raw Materials, ed. V. Punton, MEP, London (1985), 543.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Goodwin, L., Tappi Papermaker’s Conference (1989), 257.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Economu, P., Hardy, J.F. and Menashi, J., Tappi Papermaker’s Conference, (1975), 117–125

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kenaga, D.L., Tappi, 56 (12) (1973), 157.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Schott, H., Tappi, 54 (5) (1971), 748.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Alince, B., Robertson, A.A. and Inoue, M., J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 65 (1) (1978), 98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Alince, B. and Lepoutre, P., Tappi, 64 (4) (1981), 135.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bown, R., Wochenblatt fur Pap., 107 (6) (1979), 197.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lindström, T. and Florén, T., Svensk Papperstidn., 87 (12) (1984), R97;

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lindström, T. and Florén, T., Nordic Pulp & Paper J., 2 (4) (1987), 142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. See Bown, R., Paper Technology and Industry, 26 (6) (1985), 280.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Alince, B., Fundamentals of Papermaking, eds C.F. Baker and V.W. Punton, MEP, London (1989), 495.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Bown, R., Paper Technology, 31 (7) (1990), 32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Bleakley, I.S., Bown, R. and O’Neill, G.P., Wochenblatt fur Pap., 7 (1987), 298-302.

    Google Scholar 

  65. See Schriver, K.E. et al., Proc. Tappi Pulping Conf., 1 (1990), 133

    Google Scholar 

  66. Zabala, J.M. and McCool, M.A., Tappi J., 71 (8) (1988), 62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Letscher, M.K. and Sutman, E.J., J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 18 (8) (1992), 5225.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Gate, L.F., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 5 (1972), 837.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Alince, B., Paperija Puu — Papper och Tuä, 8 (1986), 545.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kerker, M., The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation, Academic Press (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Bown, R., Wochenblatt fur Pap., 113 (14) (1985), 517.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Roeht, W.W., Tappi, 49 (6) (1966), 265.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Withiam, M.C., Tappi J., 74 (4) (1991), 249.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Chapman & Hall

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bown, R. (1996). Physical and chemical aspects of the use of fillers in paper. In: Roberts, J.C. (eds) Paper Chemistry. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0605-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0605-4_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7514-0236-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0605-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics