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Cell biology and metabolic activity of photoreceptor cells: light-evoked and circadian regulation

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Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects of the Outer Retina

Abstract

Retinal photoreceptor cells are specialized sensory neurons that convert light energy into electrical and neurochemical signals for transmission to other neurons. The two main photoreceptor subtypes, rods and cones, function over several log units of light intensity to provide information about luminance, contrast, movement, and color in the visual environment. Rod photoreceptor cells are more sensitive to light than cones, and are the predominant photoreceptor mediating scotopic or night vision. Cones respond to higher, photopic intensities of light, and mediate color vision. Rods and cones hyperpolarize in response to absorption of photons, with a consequent decrease in neurotransmitter release.

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  1. P. Michael Iuvone
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK

    M. B. A. Djamgoz (Professor of Neurobiology) (Professor of Neurobiology)

  2. International Marine Centre, Oristano, Italy

    S. N. Archer (Senior Research Fellow) (Senior Research Fellow)

  3. Institute of Cybernetics and Biophysics, Italian National Research Council, Genoa, Italy

    S. Vallerga (Senior Researcher) (Senior Researcher)

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Iuvone, P.M. (1995). Cell biology and metabolic activity of photoreceptor cells: light-evoked and circadian regulation. In: Djamgoz, M.B.A., Archer, S.N., Vallerga, S. (eds) Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects of the Outer Retina. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0533-0_2

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