Abstract
Enforcement is an essential component in the management of marine protected areas (MPAs) but the level of enforcement required can vary significantly from site to site and from programme to programme. Enforcement policies, authorities and philosophies differ between agencies and programmes within nations (e.g. the National Park Service and National Marine Sanctuaries programme in the United States) and, to an even greater degree, between international programmes. Traditionally, enforcement has relied on citations and penalties as forms of punishment to establish compliance and discourage violators. This is particularly true of crimes against the State or society in municipalities around the world.
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© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Causey, B.D. (1995). Enforcement in marine protected areas. In: Gubbay, S. (eds) Marine Protected Areas. Conservation Biology, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0527-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0527-9_7
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