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Somatic embryogenesis in horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)

  • Chapter
Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 44-46))

Abstract

Horse chestnut (A. hippocastanum L., 2n = 40) forest tree belongs to the genus Aesculus and family Hippocastanaceae. It can grow as a solitary tree, attains a height up to 25 m, and the diameter of the trunk can reach up to 1m (Fig. 1). According to Tutin et al. (1968) its main morphological characteristics are as follows: the trunk is covered with thin, dark brown, smooth bark which becomes darker and regularly fissured into rectangular scales during ageing. Young twigs are thick, brownish and slender with ovoid leaf scars. The buds are large and glabrous, covered with numerous viscid scales (Fig. 3a). Cylindrical panicles (15–30cm long) develop from 2.5 cm long apical buds. The large, dark-green leaves are palmate, with 5–7 cm long leaflets which are obovate, cuneate, usually irregularly accumulated, crenateserrate,

Aesculus hipocastanum L. growing in “Jevremovac” Botanical Garden, Belgrade. The tree is 100 years old and 30 m high (Photo M. Radojevic, March, 1993).

Ripe horse chestnut seeds.

glabrous and tomentose above, and glabrous beneath (Fig. 3b,b1). Zygomorphic bisexual flowers on large, terminal, erect panicles appear from April till May. The calyx encloses five white-yellow petals (size up to 1 cm) with a pink spot at the base (Fig. 3c,C1). Orange-yellow, hairy stamens surround the style. The ovary is superior, consisting of three fused carpels and three locules (seldom two or one by abortion), each locule containing two ovules (Fig. 3d). Some flowers of the inflorescence are sterile, i.e., only the flowers situated near the base get pollinated to develop green, and spiny burs (Fig. 3e).

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Authors
  1. Ljiljana Radojević
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Production, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  2. Weyerhaeuser Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA

    Pramod K. Gupta

  3. Department of Forest Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Ronald J. Newton

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© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Radojević, L. (1995). Somatic embryogenesis in horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). In: Jain, S.M., Gupta, P.K., Newton, R.J. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences, vol 44-46. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0491-3_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0491-3_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4220-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0491-3

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