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In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants pp 73–115Cite as

Zygotic Embryogenesis in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

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Part of the book series: Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture ((PSBA,volume 20))

Abstract

Essentially all gymnosperms and angiosperms (phanerogams), like other groups of plants, begin their lives from a single cell, the fertilized egg or the zygote. What makes the zygote so unique a cell is that it is the product of sexual recombination between two gametes, the sperm contributing the paternal genome and the egg providing the maternal genome. The point in time when the egg and sperm fuse together to be woven into a new plant marks the ontogeny of the species. The phase of ontogeny concerned with the progressive division of the zygote to fabricate the embryo is known as embryogenesis. Triggered by fertilization, embryogenesis ranks as one of the most marvelous of all natural phenomena involving growth, differentiation, cell specialization and tissue formation. Simple though these processes may sound, embryogenesis is no doubt complex as the cells of the embryo go through the same biochemical and physiological transformations as other living cells. Our present ontogenetic concepts of embryogenesis have been given a new twist by the discovery that somatic cells of many phanerogams and pollen grains of certain angiosperms can display with a high degree of fidelity an embryogenic type of development leading to the formation of plants in full multicellularity, sexuality and structure. Embryogenic episodes from somatic cells and pollen grains are known as somatic embryogenesis and pollen embryogenesis, respectively. To avoid semantic confusion, embryogenesis from the zygote is nowadays referred to as zygotic embryogenesis; for the same reason, the term embryo is reserved to designate the product of fusion of the egg and sperm, while embryo-like structures generated from other cells of the plant, commonly referred to as embryoids previously, are now generally called somatic embryos.

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Authors
  1. V. Raghavan
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  2. Kiran K. Sharma
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  1. Plant Physiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Trevor A. Thorpe

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Raghavan, V., Sharma, K.K. (1995). Zygotic Embryogenesis in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. In: Thorpe, T.A. (eds) In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0485-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0485-2_3

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