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Asexual Embryogenesis in Vascular Plants in Nature

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In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants

Part of the book series: Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture ((PSBA,volume 20))

Abstract

In the flowering plants, sexual reproduction involves “double fertilization” where one sperm nucleus unites with the egg cell to form a zygote, which gives rise to the “embryo”. Meiosis precedes the formation of gametes, and fertilization restores the somatic chromosome number. Another sperm nucleus unites with the two polar nuclei, which have usually fused to a central nucleus. The resulting “triploid” cell gives rise to the endosperm [1]. However, in many vascular plants, sexual reproduction is regularly combined with, or more or less replaced by, different kinds of asexual reproduction (Fig. 1). Asexual reproduction in seed plants (apomixis) can be divided into two main classes; vivipary or vegetative reproduction and agamospermy. Agamospermy involves the production of fertile seeds in the absence of sexual fusion between gametes or “seeds without sex”, whereby, a full reductional division is usually absent, and thus chromosomes do not segregate. Agamospermy includes “adventitious embryony” and “gametophytic apomixis” and results in the formation of one or more asexual embryos along with or without the sexually produced zygotic embryo leading to “polyembryony”. Flowers designed for efficiency in the sexual process, underwent an evolutionary adjustment either by producing parthenogenetic seed (agamospermy) or by producing vegetative propagules instead, or in the addition of normal flowers (vivipary or vegetative reproduction).

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  1. Kiran K. Sharma
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  1. Plant Physiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Trevor A. Thorpe

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Sharma, K.K., Thorpe, T.A. (1995). Asexual Embryogenesis in Vascular Plants in Nature. In: Thorpe, T.A. (eds) In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0485-2_2

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