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Reproduction, condition and food of adult arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus, L.) in Lake Pavin (Massif Central, France)

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Space Partition within Aquatic Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 104))

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Abstract

To determine the role and the importance of adult fish predation directly and indirectly in the food web of oligo- mesotrophic Lake Pavin, reproduction, condition, and feeding activity of the dominant adult arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus, L.) were studied. Fish were caught by gillnets of different mesh sizes once a month from April to December 1992. The gonad cycle showed that the spawning period occurred between October to December. Relative fecundity is about 2509 ovules per kg of female fish and ovule mean diameter is 4.7 mm (±0.6 mm). Seasonal variations of the sex-ratio (Max. in April = 2.67 and Min. in October = 0.19) indicated the intralake migrations of females and males. The condition coefficients showed higher values for females than males; the maximum was observed in summer for both sexes and the minimum in April and in October for males and females, respectively. Low values of the condition were also observed during the spawning period. High feeding activity was recorded in spring and in December after reproduction; low feeding activity was observed in October during reproduction. Asellus aquaticus was quantitatively the dominant prey from April to September; during the spawning period, S. alpinus consumed its own eggs, particularly in large quantity in December. Daphnia longispina was numerically the dominant prey all over the studied cycle and the electivity (Ivlev Index) of arctic charr on the latter prey ranged from + 0.79 to +0.16. During April, more than 15 500 individuals of D. longispina per kg of fish were found in the gut contents. The selective predation of S. alpinus on benthic (A. aquaticus) and zooplankton prey (D. longispina) indicated that the fish immigrate during their feeding activity from benthic/littoral to the pelagic area.

Résumé

Afin de d terminer le rôle et l’importance de la prédation directe et indirecte de l’omble chevalier adulte (Salvelinus alpinus, L.) dans le réseau trophique du lac Pavin, milieu oligo- mésotrophe, nous avons étudié la reproduction, deux facteurs de condition et l’activité alimentaire de ce poisson qui est l’espèce dominante dans ce lac. Les poissons ont été capturés par des filets maillants de différent vide de maille selon un pas d’échantillonnage mensuel d’avril à décembre 1992. Le cycle du développement des gonades montre que la période de reproduction se déroule entre octobre et décembre. La fécondité relative calculée est de 2509 ovules par kg de femelles et le diamètre moyen d’un ovule est de 4,7 mm (±0,6 mm). Les variations saisonnières du sex-ratio (Max. en avril = 2,67 et Min. en octobre = 0,19) indiquent le déplacement actif et successif des femelles et des mâles. Les variations saisonnières des coefficients de condition indiquent une corpulence plus importante des femelles par rapport aux mâles avec des valeurs maximales en été pour les deux sexes et des valeurs minimales en avril et en octobre pour les mâles et les femelles respectivement. De faibles valeurs des facteurs de condition ont été observées pendant la période de reproduction pour les deux sexes. L’activité alimentaire de l’omble chevalier est intense au printemps et au mois de décembre après la fraie et faible au mois d’octobre pendant la reproduction. Asellus aquaticus est, en termes de biomasse, la proie dominante d’avril à septembre. Pendant la période de reproduction, S. alpinus se nourrit de ses propres oeufs sur les zones de frayères et en décembre la quantité d’oeufs consommée par le Salmonidé est importante. Daphnia longispina est, en termes d’abondance, la proie dominante tout au long de cette étude et l’indice d’électivité (Indice d’Ivlev) de l’omble chevalier vis-à-vis de cette proie varie entre + 0,79 et + 0,16.

De plus, au mois d’avril, plus de 15 500 D. longispina par kg de poisson ont été enregistrées dans les contenus stomacaux. La prédation sélective de S. alpinus sur des proies benthiques (A. aquaticus) et zooplanctoniques (D. longispina) indique que le poisson effectue des déplacements en fonction de son activité alimentaire de la zone littorale/benthique à la zone pélagique.

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Jamet, JL. (1995). Reproduction, condition and food of adult arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus, L.) in Lake Pavin (Massif Central, France). In: Balvay, G. (eds) Space Partition within Aquatic Ecosystems. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 104. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0293-3_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0293-3_25

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