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Transmembrane signalling in eukaryotes: a comparison between higher and lower eukaryotes

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Book cover Signals and Signal Transduction Pathways in Plants

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Abstract

All living organisms react to signals from their environment such as light, temperature, sound and chemical substances in order to survive and adapt to their surroundings. In multicellular organisms communication between cells is necessary to regulate growth and differentiation [3]. Neighbouring cells can communicate with each other by direct cell-cell contact through plasma-membrane-bound signalling molecules or through the formation of gap junctions [176]. Cells are able to communicate with other cells some distance away through secretion of chemical signals. The secreted signals can be soluble molecules such as most hormones and neurotransmitters; they bind to receptors on the cell surface of target cells. Hydrophobic signal molecules such as the steroid and thyroid hormones are able to pass the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and bind to specific proteins inside the cell [76].

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Abbreviations

C:

catalytic subunit PKA

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

GRK:

G-protein coupled receptor kinase

InsP3 :

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

LAR:

leucocyte common antigen-related

LCA:

leucocyte common antigen

MAP kinase:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

PDE:

phosphodiesterase

PDGF:

platelet-derived growth factor

PKA:

cAMP-dependent protein kinase

PKC:

protein kinase C

PKG:

cGMP-dependent protein kinase

PLA2 :

phospholipase A2

PLC:

phospholipase C

PLD:

phospholipase D

PtdInsP2 :

phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PTP:

protein tyrosine phosphatase

R:

regulatory subunit PKA

SH domain:

src homology domain

TCR:

T cell receptor

TPA:

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

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    A. Lyndsay Drayer & Peter J. M. van Haastert

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Drayer, A.L., van Haastert, P.J.M. (1994). Transmembrane signalling in eukaryotes: a comparison between higher and lower eukaryotes. In: Palme, K. (eds) Signals and Signal Transduction Pathways in Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0239-1_1

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