Abstract
Reiner [1] defines rheology as a science that treats body deformation and flow. Founders of modern rheology consider deformation of mainly solid bodies, regarding them as homogeneous continuous media. The present study focuses on the rheological behaviour of filled polymers, where the filler affects not only material exploitation characteristics, but essentially determines its fabrication into a final product. A combination of the characteristics of the dispersed medium with those of the filler-formed structure is the basis of the rheology of filled polymers. Those systems may display different properties, depending on medium viscosity and strength of the structure skeleton of the filler. Modern rheology is dominated by two main problems; Malkin [2] defines them as follows:
-
The first goal of rheology is to search for stress-deformation relationships for various technological and engineering materials in order to solve macroscopic problems related to continuum mechanics of these materials;
-
The second problem consists in the establishment of relations between rheological properties of a material and its molecular composition. This goal is specific for microrheology, a trend founded by Reiner.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Reiner, Markus, Rheology. Moscow Mir, 1965 (In Russian).
Malkin, Alexander, Rheology Fundamentals. Ontario: Chem. Tec. Publ., 1994.
Ivanov, Yatchko, Rheology and Structure of Liquide Silicate and Polymer Composites. Sofia BAS, 1988 (In Bulgarian).
Lenk, Robert, Polymer Rheology. London: Appl. Sci. Publ., 1978.
Cross, Malcolm. “A flow of Pigment-Oil Suspensions of the Printing Ink Type.” In Polymer Systems. Deformation and Plow, Wetton, H. and Whorlow M., eds. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1968,124–43.
Carreau P. Rheological equation from molecular network theories. Trans. Soc. Rheol. 1972; 16: 99–127.
Yasuda K.Y., Armstrong R.C., Cohen R.E. Shear flow properties of concentrated solutions of linear and star branched polymers. Reol. Acta 1981; 20: 163–78.
Shulman, Zinovii, Convective Heat Transfer in Rheologicaly Complex Fluids. Moscow Energia, 1975 (In Russian).
Van Oene H. “Rheology of polymer blends and solusions.” In Polymer Blends, vol. 1, D. R. Paul and S. Newman, eds. Moscow. Mir, 1981, 337–96.
Cirman C., Bonquey M., Terrisse J., Muller R. “Melt rheology of reactive polymer blends.” In Progress and Trends in Rheology, Igor Emri, ed. Darmstadt: Elsevier, 1998, 381–2.
Chang C., Powell R.L. Effect of particle size distribution on the concentrated bimodal suspensions. J. Rheology 1994; 38: 85–8.
Laun H.M., Bung R., Hess S., Loose W., Hess O., Hahn K., Hadicke E., Hingman R., Schmidt F., Lindner P. Rheological and small angle neutron scattering investigation of shear-indused particle structure of concentrated polymer dispersions. J. Rheology 1992; 36: 743–8.
Phan-Thien N. Constitative equation for concentrated suspensions in Newtonian liquids. J. Rheology 1995; 39: 679–95.
Probstein R., Sengun M., Tseng T.-C. Bimodal model of concentrated suspension viscosity for distributing particle size. J. Rheology 1994; 38: 811–29.
Ranganthan S., Advani S. Characterization of orientation clustering in short - fiber composites. J. Polym. Sci. Part B. Polym. Physics, 1990; 28: 2651–72.
Shikata T., Pearson D. Viscoelastic behaviour of concentrated suspensions. J. Rheology 1994; 38: 601–16.
Yanovsky Yu. “Rheological and rhelaxation properties of polymer composites with fillers.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanics and Technology of Composite Materials; 1991 October 14–16; Sofia: BAS, 1991, 46–49 (In Russian).
Ivanov Ya. Microrheology of composite materials. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanics and Technology of Composite Materials; 1991 October 14–16; Sofia: BAS, 1991, 20–33 (In Bulgarian).
Kotsilkova R., Ivanov Ya. “Rheology of fiber and particle reinforced polymers.” In Theoretical and Applied Rheology, vol. 2, P. Moldenaers and R. Kennings, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991, 859–62.
Ivanov Ya. “Effect of polydispersity on the flow behaviour and properties of concentrated suspensions.” In Advance in Structured and Heterogeneous Continua, D. A. Siginer and Yu. Yanovsky, eds. N. Y.: Allerton Press, 1995, 35–8.
Ivanov Ya. “Microrheology of polymer composite with polydisperse solid phase.” In Progress and Trends in Rheology IV,C. Gallegos, ed. Darmstadt: Steinkopff, 1994, 54–6.
Ivanov Ya. Structure and rheology of concentrated systems. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanics and Technology of Composite Materials; 1997 September 29 - Oktober 2; Sofia: BAS, 1997, 242–8 (In Bulgarian).
Yanovsky, Yuri, Polymer Rheology: Theory and Practice. London: Champan and Hall, 1993.
Sherman, Philip, Industrial Rheology. London: Acad. Press, 1970.
Nielsen, Laurence, Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, vol. 2. N. Y.: Marcel Dekker, 1974.
Han, Chang, Rheology in Polymer Processing. N. Y.: Acad. Press, 1976.
Nielsen, Laurence, Polymer Rheology. N. Y.:Marcel Dekker, 1977.
Voznesenski, Vitalii, Lyashenko, Tatiana, Ivanov, Yatchko, Nikolov, Ivan, Computer Aided Optimization of Composite Materials. Kiev: Budivelnik, 1989 (In Russian).
Moshev, Viktor, Ivanov, Vasilii, Rheological Behaviour of Concentrated Newtonian Suspensions. Moscow: Nauka, 1990 (In Russian).
Shenoy A. “Rheology of highly filled polymer melt systems.” In Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics,vol. 7, N. Chrenisinoff, ed. Huston: Gulf Publ., 1988.
Nakajima N., Harrel E. “Rheological behaviour of rubber carbon black compounds.” In Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 9, N. Chrenisinoff, ed. Huston: Gulf Publ., 1990.
Yanovsky Yu., Zaikov G. “Rheological properties of filled polymers.” In Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, vol 9, N. Chrenisinoff, ed. Houston: Gulf Publ., 1990.
Roskoe R. The viscosity of suspensions of rigid spheres. Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 1952; 3: 26779.
Maron S., Pierse P. Application of Ree - Eyring generalized flow theory to suspensions of spherical particals. J. Colloid Sci. 1956; 11: 80–95.
Chong J., Christiansen E., Baer A. Rheology of consentrated suspensions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1971; 15: 2007–21.
Lee D. The viscosity of concentrated suspensions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1969; 13: 273–88.
Brady J., Vicic M. Normal stress in colloidal dispersions. J. Rheology 1995; 39: 545–66.
Ivanov Ya., Kotsilkova R. On the viscosity of highly filled thermosetting composites. Proceedings of IUPAC-MACRO’83; 1983 September 5–9; Bucharest, 1983 (In Russian).
Ghosh A., Bhattacharya S. Rheological study of black coal-oil suspensions. J. Rheology 1984; 23: 195–206.
Feodors R. Relationship between viscosity and concentration for Newtonian suspensions. J. Interf. Colloid. Sci. 1971; 46: 545–7.
Graham A, Steele R., Bird R. Particle in concentrated suspensions: I. Experimental observation of particle clusters; II. Information theory and particle clusters; III. Prediction of suspension viscositty. Ind. Eng. Chem. Foun. 1986; 23: 406–25.
Rutgers R. Relative viscosity of suspensions of rigid sphers in Newtonian liquids. Rheol. Acta 1962; 2: 202–10.
Gillespie Th. The effect of aggregation and particle size distribution on the viscosity of Newtonian suspensions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1983; 94: 166–73.
Bamea E., Mizzahi J. Dynamics of colloidal dispersions, J. Eng. Chem. Sci. 1973; 5: 17189.
Leighton O., Acrivos A. The shear-indused migration of particale in concentrated suspensions. J. Fluid Mech. 1987; 181: 415–39.
Yanovsky Yu., Vinogradov G., Barancheyeva V. Rheological properties of compositions prepared from reclaimed thermoplastics. Vysokomol. Soedin. 1986; 5: 983–900 (In Russian).
Aranguren M., Mom E., De Groot Jr.J., Macosko C. Effect of reinforcing fillers on the rheology of polymer melts. J. Rheology 1992; 6: 1165–82.
Bretas R., Powell R. Dynamic and transient rheological properties of glass filled polymer melts. Rheol. Acta 1985; 24: 69–84.
Metzner A. Rheology of suspensions in polymeric liquids. J. Rheology 1985; 29: 739–75.
De Groot V., Macosko C. “Dynamic properties of model filled polymer melt in the linear viscoelastic region.” In Theoretical and Applied Rheology, vol. 1, P. Moldenaers and R. Kennings, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992, 339–41.
Marti-Martinez J., Macia-Agullo T., Fernandez-Garcia J., Ordiles-Barcelo A., Torro-Palau A. Properties of solvent based polyurethane adhesives containing fumed silicas. Macrom. Symp. 1996; 108: 269–78.
Polymer Composites, Sedlacek, Blahoslav, ed. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1986.
Friedrich Ch., Dehno H. “Viscoelastisity of silica and glass bed filled melts.” In Progress and Trends in Rheology IV, C. Gallegos, ed. Darmstadt: Steinkopif, 1994, 45–7.
Clement F., Bakobza L., Monnerie L., Valet J. Analyse rheologique de reseaux de poly(methylsiloxane) sharges a la silice. Les Cahiers du Rheologie 1998; 16: 203–8.
Heymann L, Aksel N. “Influence of surface modified particles on the rheological properties of suspensions.” In Progress and Trends in Rheology, Igor Emri, ed. Darmstadt: Springer, 1998, 560–1.
Ishida H., Jang J. Role of the interface in multicomponent materials. European Symposium on Polymer Materials; 1987 September 14–18, Lyon, 1987, 1–12.
Han Chang, Multiphase Flow in Polymer Processing,N. Y.: Acad. Press, 1981.
Uriev, Naum, Ivanov, Yatchko. Structure Formation and Rheology of Inorganic Disperse Systems and Materials. Sofia: BAS, 1991 (In Russian).
Pahovichishin S, Tretinnik V., Gritsenko V., Shimanska A. Rheological properties of the dispersion pirogenic oxids of aluminium and silice in polymethylsiloxane. Coll. J. 1999; 2: 247–53.
Kruglitskaya, Valeria, Zavadskaya, Zinaida, Interfacial Phenomena in the Disperse Systems. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1971 (In Russian).
Kruglitskii, Nikolai, Kruglitskaya, Valeria, Disperse Structure in Organic and Silan - Organic Mediums. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1984 (In Russian).
Koshevar V. Rheology of highly concentrated dispersions of ZnO particles in polymer containing mediums, including Lewis acids and basics, Coll. J. 1999; 2: 215–21.
Trompette J., Grassi B., Fabregue E., Chamay C., Partyka S. Stabilite cinetique et comportement rheologique des suspension gelefiees talc-polyacryl glycinamide. Les Cahiers du Rheologie 1998; 16: 52–8.
Baylocq P., Cartalos U., Piau J. M. “Rheological characterisation and structural modelling of clay polymer system.” In Progress and Trends in Rheology IV, C. Gallegos, ed. Darmstadt: Steinkopff, 1994, 618–20.
Hesslink T. “Adsorption from solution at the solid/liquid interface.” In Paifilt CD, C. H. Rochester, ed. London: Acad. Press, 1983, 64–87.
El Bounia N.-E., Brochette P. Effect of treating fillers by surfactants on the Theological behaviour of dispersions. Les Caiers de Rheologie 1998; 16: 11–18.
Chemistry and Technology of High Molecular Compositions, vol. 14, A. Askadskii, ed. Moscow: VINITI, 1988 (In Russian).
Simeonov, Jordan, Hristova, Yulia, Polymer Conctete. Structure, Properties and Mechanical Behaviour of Polymer Concrete. Sofia: BAS, 1980 (In Bulgarian).
Arefiev, Boris, Physico-Chemical Basis of the Compacting of Fiber Filled Composites Materials. Moscow: Metalurgia, 1988 (In Russian).
Tsai, Shirley, Composites Design, (4th ed.), Paris, Dayton: Think Komposite, 1988.
Privalko, Vadim, Novikov, Viktor, Yanovsky, Yuri, Basis of the Thermodynamics and Rheophysics of Polymer Materials. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1999 (In Russian).
Lavrischev L., Trapeznikov A. Effect of aerosil on the propertis of polyester resin. Plast. Massy. 1969; 1: 52–5 (In Russian).
Pugachevskaya N., Kovriga V. “Filled composition from nonsaturated polyesters.” In Chemistry and Technology of High Molecular Compositions, Moscow VINlTI, 1981, 3–78 (In Russian).
Alt B. The thickening of unsaturated polyester resine with metal oxides. Kuntstoffe 1976; 12: 786–92.
Burns R., Gandhi K., Hankin A., Lynskey B. Variability in sheet molding compound (SMC): I. The thickening reaction and effect of raw materials. Plastics and Polymers 1975; 43: 228–35.
Ivanov Ya., Voznesenski V., Lyashenko T. “On the modelling of rheological properties of concentrated disperse systems.” In Advance in Rheology, vol. 4. Mexico: Application, 1984,517–22.
Ivanov Ya., Voznesenski V., Lyashenko T. “The use of experimental-statistical models in rheology of composites.” In Mathematika vol. 9, “Metody matematiczne w technice”, t. II, Opole, 1985, 165–76.
Fillers in Poymer Composite Materials, G. Kats and D. Milevski, eds. Moscow. Chimia, 1981 (In Russian).
Wake, William, Fillers in Composite Materials. London: ILIFFE, 1971.
Paturoev, Vladimir, Polymer Concrete, Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1987 (In Russian).
Gudev, Nikolai, Polymer Concrete, Polymer Mortars and Self Flowing Composites, Sofia: Tehnika, 1981 (In Bulgarian).
Solomatov V., Knippenberg A. Investigations of the structure and properties of polyester polymer concrete. Izvestia Vusov 1977; 6: 68–73 (In Russian).
Voznesenski V., Lyashenko T., Ivanov Ya. “Influence of the shear rate on the viscosity of a technological mixture.” In Investigations of the Properties of the Cement and Polymer Concretes, Omsk: OPI, 1984, 10–18 (In Russian).
Bartenev, Georgi, Zelenev, Yuri, Physics and Mechanics of Polymers, Moscow: Visha Shkola, 1983 (In Russian).
Lipatov, Yuri, Colloidal Chemistry of Polymers, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1984 (In Russian).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ivanov, Y., Cheshkov, V., Natova, M. (2001). Rheological Behaviour and Properties of Filled Polymer Composites. In: Polymer Composite Materials — Interface Phenomena & Processes. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 90. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9664-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9664-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0386-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-9664-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive