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Chemical modification of preformed polymers

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New Methods of Polymer Synthesis

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Abstract

Synthetic polymers are prepared with the intention of producing materials with particular properties. The materials may have commercial applications such as the production of membranes, fibres, mouldings, adhesives, coatings and paint formulations, etc., or they may serve as chemical reagents or chromatographic supports. Biomedical applications are becoming increasingly important. The desired properties may depend, at least in part, on the presence of specific functional groups either in the polymer backbone, or as substituents in pendant groups linked to the main chain. This functionality may be incorporated in two ways; either a suitably substituted monomer is polymerized, or the substituent is introduced at a later stage by chemical modification of a preformed polymer. The first method leads to a fully substituted product of known overall structure, i.e. each monomer unit contains the functionality (and so the ‘degree of substitution’ is 100%) in a clearly defined position. The second method produces a substance which is rarely fully functionalized (although occasionally the degree of substitution exceeds 100%), and where the precise positions of the functional groups along the polymer chain (or even within the pendant groups) are not known. Usually the substituents are assumed to be randomly distributed, and in effect the product is a random copolymer. The ease of modification naturally depends on the chemical nature of the starting material, but also on its physical form, particularly on whether it is linear (i.e. soluble), or cross-linked (i.e. insoluble). For insoluble polymers chemical reaction might occur only on the outer surface.

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  1. F. G. Thorpe
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  1. Polymer Centre, University of Lancaster, UK

    J. R. Ebdon

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Thorpe, F.G. (1991). Chemical modification of preformed polymers. In: Ebdon, J.R. (eds) New Methods of Polymer Synthesis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9552-5_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9552-5_5

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