Abstract
Free radical mediated events in vivo, particularly as related to inflammation, have been and are likely to remain for the foreseeable future intimately wedded to the active species derived from molecular oxygen, or, as it is more properly called, dioxygen. Since the discovery of the superoxide dismutating activity of metalloprotein enzymes (SOD) having copper, manganese or iron at their active site, and that of the selenium containing glutathione peroxidase, these ubiquitously occurring endogenous enzymes and the active species they regulate have been the subject of a veritable landslide of investigations1-5. To properly assess future trends at this juncture, I think it is important to have a brief look first at ‘what is what’ in our present knowledge of this Janus-faced role of oxygen centred free radicals in tissue.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bors, W., Saran, M., Lengfelder, E., Spötte, R. and Michel, C. (1974). The relevance of the superoxide anion radical in biological systems. Curr. Top. Radia. Res. Q., 9, 247
Fee, J. A. and Valentine, J. S. (1977). Chemical and physical properties of superoxide. In Michelson, A. M., McCord, J. M. and Fridovich, I. (eds.), Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases, pp. 19–60. (London: Academic Press)
Willson, R. L. (1979). Hydroxyl radicals and biological damage in vitro: What relevance in vivo? In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Ciba Symp. 65, new series, pp. 19–42. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Fridovich, I. (1976). Superoxide dismutase and the chemistry of hydrogen peroxide. In Pryor, W. A. (ed.) Free Radicals in Biology, Vol. I pp. 239–277. (New York: Academic Press)
Flohé, L. (1979). Glutathione peroxidase: fact and fiction. In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Ciba Symp. 65, new series, pp. 95–122. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Haber, F. and Willstätter, R. (1931). Unpaarigkeit und Radikalketten in Reaktionsmechanismus organischer und enzymatischer Vorgänge. Chem. Berichte, 64, 2844
Gerschman, R., Gilbert, D. L., Nye, S.W., Dwyer, P. and Fenn, W.O. (1954). Oxygen poisoning and x-irradiation. A mechanism in common. Science, 119, 623
Czapski, G. (1971). Superoxide anion: pulse radiolysis in frozen solutions. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 22, 171
Fridovich, I. and Handler, P. (1958). Xanthine oxidase III. Sulfite oxidation as an ultrasensitive assay. J. Biol. Chem., 233, 1578
Mills, G. C. (1957). Hemoglobin catabolism. I. Glutathione peroxidase, an erythrocyte enzyme which protects hemoglobin from oxidative breakdown. J. Biol. Chem., 229, 189
Sies, H. (1974). Biochemistry of the peroxisome in the liver cell. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 13, 706
Mann, T. and Keilin, D. (1939). Hemocuprein and hepatocuprein. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 126, 303
Huber, W., Schulte, T. L., Carson, S., Goldhamer, R. E. and Vogin, E.E. (1968). Some chemical and pharmacological properties of a novel antiinflammatory protein. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 12, 308
McCord, J. M. and Fridovich, I. (1969). Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (Hemocuprein). J. Biol. Chem., 244, 6049
Steinman, H.M. and Hill, R. L. (1973). Sequence homologies among bacterial and mitochondrial superoxide dismutases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), 70, 3725
Weisiger, R. A. and Fridovich, I. (1973). Superoxide dismutase: Organelle specificity. J. Biol. Chem., 248, 3582
Menander-Huber, K. B. (1979). Double-blind controlled clinical trials in man with bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (orgotein). In Bannister, W. H. and Bannister, J. V. (eds.) The Significance of Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase. Vol. II: Biological and Clinical Aspects. (New York: Elsevier in press)
Johnston, R.B. Jr., Keele, B. B. Jr., Misra, H.P., Webb, L. S., Lehmeyer, J. E. and Rajagopalan, K. V. (1975). Superoxide anion generation and phagocytic bactericidal activity. In Bellanti, J. A. and Dayton, D. H. (eds.) The Phagocytic Cell in Host Resistance, pp. 61–75. (New York: Raven Press)
Roos, D. and Weening, R. S. (1979). Defects in the oxidative killing of microorganisms by phagocytic leukocytes. In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Ciba Symp. 65, new series, pp. 225–262. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Badwey, J.A. and Karnovsky, M. L. (1979). Production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by an N ADH-oxidase in guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 254, 11530
Klebanoff, S. J. and Rosen, H. (1979). The role of myeloperoxidase in the microbicidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Ciba Symp. 65, new series, 262–283. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Babior, B. M. and Kipnes, R. S. (1977). Superoxide-forming enzyme from human neutrophils: evidence for a flavin requirement. Blood, 50, 517
McCord, J. M. and Salin, M. L. (1977) Self-directed cytotoxicity of phagocyte-generated superoxide free radical. In Rossi, F., Patriarca, P. L. and Romeo, D. (eds.) Movement, Metabolism, and Bactericidal Mechanisms of Phagocytes, pp. 257–264. (Padua: Piccin)
McCord, J. M. (1974). Free radicals and inflammation: protection of synovial fluid by superoxide dismutase. Science, 185, 529
Huber, W. and Saifer, M. G. P. (1977). Orgotein, the drug version of bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. I. A summary account of safety and pharmacology in laboratory animals. In Michelson, A. M., McCord, J. M. and Fridovich, I. (eds.) Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases pp. 517–536. (New York: Academic Press)
Huber, W., Menander-Huber, K. B., Saifer, M. G. P. and Williams, L. D. (1979). Bioavailability of superoxide dismutase: Implications for the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of orgotein. Agents Actions Suppl. (In press)
Menander-Huber, K. B. and Huber, W. (1977). Orgotein, the drug version of bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. II. A summary account of clinical trials in man and animals. In Michelson, A. M., McCord, J.M. and Fridovich, I. (eds.) Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases, pp. 537–549. (New York: Academic Press)
Huber, W. (1979). Orgotein (bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase) an anti-inflammatory protein drug: Discovery, toxicology and pharmacology. Eur. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. (In press)
Hili, H. A.O. (1979). The identity of superoxide radical anion species. In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage Ciba Symp. 65, new series, pp. 363–366. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Tanford, C. (1961). Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules. p. 317. (New York: Wiley).
Fridovich, I. (1979). Superoxide dismutases: Defense against endogenous superoxide radical. In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Ciba Symp. 65, new series pp. 77–93. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Niehaus, W. G. (1978). A proposed role of superoxide anion as a biological nucleophile in the deesterification of phospholipids. Bioorg. Chem., 7, 77
Fee, J. A. (1979). On the question of superoxide toxicity and the biological function of superoxide dismutases. In Third International Symposium on Oxidases and Related Oxidation-Reduction Systems. (Albany: New York)
Ichihara, K., Kuzonose, E., Kuzonose, M. and Mori, T. (1977). Manganese superoxide dismutase content of mycobacterium lepramurium. J. Biochem., 81, 1427
Giannopolitis, C. N. and Ries, J. K. (1977). Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases content of seedlings of corn, peas and oats. Plant Physiol., 59, 309
Schrauzer, G.N., White, D. A. and Schneider, C.J. (1977). Cancer mortality correlation studies. III. Statistical associations with dietary selenium intakes. Bioinorg. Chem., 7, 23
Huber, W., Saifer, M. G. P. and Williams, L. D. (1979). Superoxide dismutase pharmacology and orgotein efficacy: New perspectives. In Bannister, W. H. and Bannister, J. V. (eds.) The Significance of Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase. Vol. II: Biological and Clinical Aspects. (New York: Elsevier, in press)
Ward, P. A. (1974). Personal communication
Smith, L. L., Rose, M.S. and Wyatt, I. (1979). The pathology and biochemistry of paraquat. In Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Ciba Symp. 65, new series, pp. 321–341. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)
Autor, A-P. (1974). Reduction of paraquat toxicity by superoxide dismutase. Life Sci., 14, 1309
Huber, W. and Menander-Huber, K. B. (1979). Unpublished observations
Lown, J. W. and Sim, S. (1977). The mechanism of the bleomycin-induced cleavage of DNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 77, 1150
Goodman, J. and Hochstein, P. (1977). Generation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation by redox cycling of adriamycin and daunomycin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 77, 797
McGinness, J. E., Proctor, P. H., Demopoulos, H. B., Hokanson, J. A. and Kirkpatrick, D. S. (1978). Amelioration of cis-platinum nephrotoxicity by orgotein (superoxide dismutase). Physiol. Chem. Phys., 10, 267
Edsmyr, F., Huber, W. and Menander, K. B. (1976). Orgotein efficacy in ameliorating side effects due to radiation therapy. I. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with bladder tumors. Curr. Ther. Res., Clin. Exp., 19, 198
Williams, L. D., Dang, P. H. C., Gerstl, B. and Huber, W. (1979). Unpublished results
Harman, D. (1956). Ageing: A theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J. Gerontol., 11, 298
Fridovich, I. (1977). Oxygen is toxic! Bioscience, 27, 462
Menander-Huber, K. B., Huskisson, E. C. and Huber, W. (1978). Inflammatory osteoarthritis as an in vivo model disease in man for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs. In International Congress of Inflammation. (Bologna: Italy, Oct 31-Nov 3) Abstract P2/44
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huber, W. (1980). Future trends in free radical studies. In: Willoughby, D.A., Giroud, J.P. (eds) Inflammation: Mechanisms and Treatment. Inflammation: Mechanisms and Treatment, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9423-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9423-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-9425-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-9423-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive